Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Huether, McCance, and Brashers | Complete Solution | Grade A+

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Understanding Pathophysiology 7th edition by Huether, McCance Test Bank fi fi fi fi fi fi f i fi




Chapter 1. Cellular Biology fi fi fi




MULTIPLE CHOICE fi




1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA w
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ith histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus fi




c. Free-floating nuclear material fi fi




d. No organelles fi




ANS: B fi




The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus
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; thus, the nucleus should be observed.
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A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones.
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Free-
floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus.
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Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles. No organelles de
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scribes a prokaryotic cell. fi fi fi




2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse d
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escribing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption fi




b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

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ANS: D fi




The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration.
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The ability of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication.
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The ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption.
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The ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cells functi
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on of secretion.
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3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of th
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e genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus


ANS: C fi




The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid,
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most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus.
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The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
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The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell.
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The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material.
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4. The fluid mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to t
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his model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins fi fi




b. Integral membrane proteins fi fi

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c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules fi fi




ANS: B fi




Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer.
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Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoprote
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ins act as cell surface markers.
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Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook together.
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5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids fi




d. Ligands


ANS: D fi




Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. Oxyge
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n moves by diffusion; it does not bind to receptors.
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Ribosomes make proteins and are not involved in binding.
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Amphipathic lipids are a portion of the cell membrane. fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi




6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What finding would su
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pport the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Alterations in extracellular matrix that include:
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a. Decreased fibronectin fi




b. Increased collagen fi




c. Decreased elastin fi

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d. Increased glycoproteins fi




ANS: A fi




Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing cancer cells
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to travel, or metastasize.
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Collagen provides strength, and its breakdown is associated with osteoarthritis, not cancer.
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Elastin is found in the lungs and allows tissues to stretch; it is not associated with cancerous cells.
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Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins are associated with cancerous cells.
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7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
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a. Cell junction fi




b. Gap junction fi




c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions fi




ANS: A fi




Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
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Gap junctions allow communication from the inside of one cell to the inside of another. Desmoso
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mes are not involved in communication, but allow cells to hold together.
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Tight junctions are barriers that prevent movement of some substances and leakages of others.
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8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring al
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pha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
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a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine