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PHAR 100 – Midterm Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024
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PHAR 100 – Midterm Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
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PHAR 100 – Midterm Exam QuestionsWith 100% Correct Answers
Keyihistoricaliinfluencesitoipharmacologyi-iCorrectiAnswer--
Civilizations:iGreece,iEgypt,iChina
-Poison:iCurare,iErgot
-Religion
Whyiwasizincioxideianiimportanticompoundi-iCorrectiAnswer-
currentlyifoundiinitopicalicreamsi(i.e.icalamine)
Whatididiancientigreece,iegypt,iandichinaicontributei-iCorrectiAnswer-
greecei-iopiumi-icodeinei+imorphine
egypti-isenna,ipurgatives
chinai-iephedrinei(asthma)
WhatiisiCurare'sifunctioniasiaipoisoni+ipharmaceuticali-iCorrectiAnswer-
poisoni=iparalysis/death,idrugi=ianesthesia
WhatiisiErgot'sifunctioniasiaipoisoni+ipharmaceuticali-iCorrectiAnswer-
poisoni=imentalifrenzy,iburningilimbs,iuterusicontractioni
pharmi=iergotamine:itreatsimigraines,iergonovine:iarrestsiuterineiblee
dingiafterichildbirth
,WhatididiPauliEhrlichidesigni-iCorrectiAnswer-organoarsenicalsi-
ibindsitoiparasitesi=icureiforisyphillis
Namei9ibasicidrugidevelopmentistepsi-iCorrectiAnswer-1-
idrugidiscovery
2-ipre-clinical
3-iclinicalitrial:iinitialisteps
4-iphasei1:iyoungihealthyipeople
5-iphasei2:ipeopleiaffectedibyidisesasei(~500ippl)
6-iphasei3:ipeopleiaffectedibyidiseasei(1000+)
7-iHealthiCandaireview
8-iManufacturing
9i-iPhasei4:itestsioverilongiperiod/takeniconcurrentlyiw/iotheridrugs
Namei6iadvertisingitechniquesi-iCorrectiAnswer--before/after
-fear
-offerianieasyisolution
-attentionicatching
-celebiendorsement
-discreditiotherimanufacturers
Namei3idrugitargetsi-iCorrectiAnswer--receptors
-chemicalirxn
,-physical/chemicaliforces
ExplainiED50i-iCorrectiAnswer-Theidoseithatigivesi50%iofimax.iresponse
Whatiareifactorsithaticontributeitoitheiremovaliofitheidrugifromitheibod
yi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Excretion:ikidneyi(80%+iofidrugs),imustibeiwaterisolublei(conversionine
eded)iBiotransformationiiniliver,imetabolism,ifecesi(GIitract),isaliva,isw
eat,imilk,
Defineiefficacyi-iCorrectiAnswer-
theimaxipharmacologicaliresponseithaticanibeiproducedibyiaispecificidr
ugiinithatibioisystem
Defineipotencyi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Theidoseiofiaidrugirequireditoiproduceiaicertainiresponsei(usuallyi50%iof
imax)
Defineitherapeuticirangei-iCorrectiAnswer-
rangeiofidosesithatikeepi[blood]iofiaidrugiaboveithei[minimum]itoiprodu
ceidesirableiresponse,ibutibelowithei[toxiciresponse]
Whatiareithei4imajoriprocessesiofipharmacokineticsi-iCorrectiAnswer-1-
absorption
2-distribution
, 3-metabolism
4-excretion
Namei3igeneralimainiroutesiofiadministrationi-iCorrectiAnswer-
1.iTopicali
2.iEnteraliadmini(enteribloodithroughiGIitract)
3.iParentaliadmini(injectediintoibloodstream)
Whatiareithei3itopicaliadministrationimethodsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
1.ioniskin
2.ithroughiskini(transdermal)
3.iinhalationi(rapidlyiabsorbedibyilungs)
Whatiareithei3ienteraliadministrationimethodsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
1.imouth:imosticonvenient,ileastiexpensive
2.irectum:isystemiciorilocal,ibypassesistomach/liverienzymes
3.isublingual/buccal:iunderitongue/cheek
Explainibiotransformationi-iCorrectiAnswer-
livericontainsienzymesithatiareiableitoiconvertidrugsi+iotherichemicalsit
oiwaterisolubleiproductsitoibeiexcretediinitheiurinei-
iusuallyiresultsiiniinactivation
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