Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam
Study Guide Graded A 2024-2025
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - Correct Ans-TMP/SMZ for 3 days;
Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - Correct Ans-Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - Correct Ans-Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - Correct Ans-Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not
absorbed systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - Correct Ans-GI effects; pulmonary reactions;
hematologic effects; peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can
occur and may be irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - Correct Ans-Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for
chronic lower UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary
alkalinizers, which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - Correct Ans-Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course
therapy: TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - Correct Ans-First line: TMP/SMZ,
ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - Correct Ans-TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14
days, levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - Correct Ans-Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6
months; TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - Correct Ans--floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - Correct Ans-Best done with sputum culture (takes up to
16 weeks for results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community
and immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify
sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - Correct Ans-Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - Correct Ans-Resistant to isoniazid and
rifampin, all fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
, First line treatment of TB - Correct Ans-Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and
ethambutol. Rifapentine and rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - Correct Ans-Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks,
eliminate actively dividing tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24
months, eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - Correct Ans-8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin,
pyrazinamide, and ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - Correct Ans-Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide
for 6 months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - Correct Ans-Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide
for 18-24 months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - Correct Ans-24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs;
poor prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - Correct Ans-More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6
months of treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs
and decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - Correct Ans-Directly Observed Therapy
(DOT) - also allows for ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3
times/week
Latent TB tests - Correct Ans-TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - Correct Ans-Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin
weekly for 3 months; active TB must be ruled out
TB vaccination - Correct Ans-Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Second line treatment of TB - Correct Ans-Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin,
amikacin, capreomycin, stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid - Correct Ans-Standard treatment for latent TB; must be given for at least 6
months, preferably 9 months; poses a risk for liver damage
Isoniazid adverse effects - Correct Ans-Peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine and
vitamin B6); hepatotoxicity; optic neuritis; anemia
Rifampin use - Correct Ans-TB, leprosy, meningococcus carriers
Study Guide Graded A 2024-2025
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - Correct Ans-TMP/SMZ for 3 days;
Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - Correct Ans-Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - Correct Ans-Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - Correct Ans-Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not
absorbed systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - Correct Ans-GI effects; pulmonary reactions;
hematologic effects; peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can
occur and may be irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - Correct Ans-Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for
chronic lower UTI's; contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary
alkalinizers, which reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - Correct Ans-Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course
therapy: TMP/SMZ for 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - Correct Ans-First line: TMP/SMZ,
ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - Correct Ans-TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14
days, levofloxacin for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - Correct Ans-Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6
months; TMP at bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - Correct Ans--floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - Correct Ans-Best done with sputum culture (takes up to
16 weeks for results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community
and immunocompetence of the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify
sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the presence of M. tuberculosis
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - Correct Ans-Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - Correct Ans-Resistant to isoniazid and
rifampin, all fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
, First line treatment of TB - Correct Ans-Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and
ethambutol. Rifapentine and rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - Correct Ans-Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks,
eliminate actively dividing tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24
months, eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - Correct Ans-8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin,
pyrazinamide, and ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - Correct Ans-Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide
for 6 months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - Correct Ans-Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide
for 18-24 months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - Correct Ans-24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs;
poor prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - Correct Ans-More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6
months of treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs
and decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - Correct Ans-Directly Observed Therapy
(DOT) - also allows for ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3
times/week
Latent TB tests - Correct Ans-TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - Correct Ans-Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin
weekly for 3 months; active TB must be ruled out
TB vaccination - Correct Ans-Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Second line treatment of TB - Correct Ans-Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin,
amikacin, capreomycin, stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid - Correct Ans-Standard treatment for latent TB; must be given for at least 6
months, preferably 9 months; poses a risk for liver damage
Isoniazid adverse effects - Correct Ans-Peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine and
vitamin B6); hepatotoxicity; optic neuritis; anemia
Rifampin use - Correct Ans-TB, leprosy, meningococcus carriers
