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Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resourcesCambridge (CIE) IGCSE Biology Your notes
Biological Molecules
Contents
Chemicals & Life
Food Tests
DNA Structure
Page 1 of 16
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Chemicals & Life
Your notes
Chemical Elements
Most of the molecules in living organisms fall into three categories: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
These all contain carbon and so are described as organic molecules
Chemical Elements Table
Large Molecules are Made from Smaller Molecules
Carbohydrates
Long chains of simple sugars
Glucose is a simple sugar ( a monosaccharide)
When 2 glucose molecules join together maltose is formed (a disaccharide)
When lots of glucose molecules join together starch, glycogen or cellulose can form (a
polysaccharide)
Page 2 of 16
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Your notes
Glycogen, cellulose and starch are all made from glucose molecules
Fats
Most fats (lipids) in the body are made up of triglycerides
Their basic unit is 1 glycerol molecule chemically bonded to 3 fatty acid chains
The fatty acids vary in size and structure
Lipids are divided into fats (solids at room temperature) and oils (liquids at room temperature)
Page 3 of 16
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