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STM 007: GENERAL BIOLOGY 12nd QUARTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE
MODULE 12: GAMETOGENESIS
(SPERMATOGENESIS & OOGENESIS)
Gametogenesis - the formation of sex
cells or reproductive cells also known as
gametes. It happens in primary sex organ
called gonads. The male gonad is called
testis while in female is ovary which both
contain primordial germ cells.
Primordial germ cell - the common
origins of spermatozoa and oocytes, these
cells are responsible for the production of
gametes.
Spermatogenesis - the formation of
sperm cells located in the seminiferous
tubules of male gonad.
Seminiferous tubules - the site for
germination, maturation and
transportation of the sperm cells within
the male testes.
Spermiogenesis - is the transformation
of spermatids into functional
spermatozoa.
▪ The spermatogenesis produced
four haploid cells (4n) at the end
of the process.
Oogenesis - is the formation of ovum
located in the female gonad called ovary.
Oogonium - the immature female germ
cell.
Polar body - is a small haploid cell that is
formed concomitantly as an egg cell
during oogenesis, but which does not
have the ability to be fertilized.
▪ At the end of the process, oogenesis
produced haploid cells (n) or one
ovum.
, MODULE 14: THE STRUCTURE AND Cholesterol - keep cell membrane from
COMPONENTS OF PLASMA becoming stiff by preventing
MEMBRANE phospholipids from being too closely
packed together
Plasma Membrane - thin semi-
permeable membrane that surrounds the
cytoplasm of a cell
FUNCTIONS:
▪ Protect the integrity of the interior
of the cell.
▪ Serve as a base of attachment for
the cytoskeleton.
▪ Regulate the cell growth through
the balance of endocytosis and
exocytosis.
Endocytosis - a process by which cells
absorb external material by engulfing it
with the cell membrane.
Exocytosis - an energy-consuming
process that expels secretory vesicles out
of the cell membranes into the
extracellular space.
Glycolipids
- located on cell membrane surfaces and
have a carbohydrate sugar chain attached
to them
- helps in recognizing other cells of the
body
2 Structural Components of Plasma /
Cell Membrane:
1. Cell Membrane Lipids
2. Cell Membrane Proteins
Peripheral membrane proteins
Phospholipids - are lipid bilayer which is
semi-permeable, allowing only certain - are exterior to and connected to the
molecules to diffuse across the membrane by interactions with
membrane. other proteins.
Integral membrane proteins
- portions of these transmembrane
proteins are exposed on both sides
of the membrane
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