TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in
Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide
2024-2025
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s
genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates
or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or
cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their
specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly
describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds
to the ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G =
gap), which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell
nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period
between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for
various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for
amino acids and monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other
ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PG 15
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core
region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic
substances while allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon
dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: PGs 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining
options do not explain the mosaic model.
