Final Exam NR 302 Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
What is the function of skin? - Answer-Protection from the environment, Regulation of
body temperature, Regulation of salt and water balance
/.Lanugo - Answer-fine downy hair of newborn infant
/.vernix caseosa - Answer-cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus
/.linea nigra - Answer-dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the
pubic area
/.Chloasma/Melasma - Answer-pregnancy mask
/.Striae - Answer-stretch marks
/.The Aging Adult and Skin - Answer--skin loses elasticity
-thin, dry
-sweat/oil glands change
/.Keloid Scar - Answer-scar that turns raised, dark, purplish, pulls together, painful
/.Alopecia - Answer-hair loss
/.hirsutism - Answer-hair where it doesn't belong
/.Pruritis - Answer-itching
/.Albinism - Answer-Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
/.Vitiligo - Answer-loss of pigment in areas of the skin
/.ABCDE - Answer-asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution or elevation
/.malignant melanoma - Answer-most deadly form of skin cancer
/.pallor - Answer-paleness caused by loss of red-pink tones by oxygenated hemoglobin
in blood
/.Where to check for pallor? - Answer-mucus membranes, conjunctiva, nail beds
/.Erythema - Answer-redness of the skin
,/.Cyanosis - Answer-bluish discoloration of the skin caused by not enough oxygenated
blood flow. Seen in lips, nose, ears, cheeks
/.Jaundice - Answer-yellowing of the skin and in sclera of eye
/.Diaphoresis - Answer-profuse sweating
/.Dehydration - Answer-not enough fluid
/.How to check for dehydration? - Answer-- check for tenting in the skin for skin turgor
/.Tenting - Answer-Slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, a
sign of either dehydration or aging, or both
/.Skin turgor - Answer-Measure of hydration, which tests how quickly the skin returns to
its normal position after being pinched
/.Best place to test for tenting? - Answer-clavicle
/.Primary Lesion - Answer-lesions arising from previously normal skin
ex: chicken pox or pimple
/.Secondary Lesion - Answer-skin lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or that is
caused by external forces, such as infection, scratching, trauma, or the healing process
/.Head lice (pediculosis) - Answer-looks like dandruff, but if you tap the white spots they
do not fall off. These are nits
/.Schamroth test - Answer-put 2 fingers together, see if you can see any light come
through. If you can't you have clubbing.
/.Clubbing of Nails - Answer-finding in the nails that indicates chronic hypoxia >6
months
/.Splinter hemorrhages - Answer-can be a sign of endocarditis, result of strep throat
/.Spooning in Nails - Answer-iron deficiency
/.Capillary Refill Test - Answer-Pressure is applied to the nail bed until it turns white, this
indicates that the blood has been forced from the tissue (called blanching) and once the
tissue has blanched, pressure is removed. While the patient holds their hand above
their heart, the health care provider measures the time it takes for blood to return to the
tissue. Return of blood is indicated by the nail turning back to a pink color. Should be
less than 3 seconds
/.Mongolian Spots - Answer-bluish purple spots of hyperpigmentation
, /.Cafe au lait spots - Answer-Birth marks
/.Linear Lesion - Answer-a scratch, streak, line, or stripe
/.Zosteriform lesion - Answer-linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes
zoster)
/.Macule Lesion - Answer-flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter EX. freckles,
petechiae, measles
/.Papule Lesion - Answer-something you can feel (i.e solid, elevated, circumscribed,
less than 1cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in epidermis ex: mole or wart
/.Tumor Lesion - Answer-larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper
into dermis ex: lipoma, hemangioma
/.Vesicle Lesion - Answer-elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm (blister). Ex:
herpes simplex, early varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis
/.Cyst Lesion - Answer-encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer,
tensely elevating skin (sebaceous cyst)
/.Pustule lesion - Answer-pus-filled (acne)
/.Ulcer Lesion - Answer-deeper depression into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed
(pressure sore)
/.Contusion - Answer-bruise (blunt force)
/.Echymosis - Answer-a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath,
typically caused by bruising
/.Hematoma - Answer-contusion that has caused a lump of blood
/.Port Wine Stain - Answer-along cranial nerve V, dark, red, bluish or purplish.
Intensifies with crying, exertion, exposure to heat/cold.
/.Petichiae - Answer-blood vessels that rupture
/.Tinea corporis - Answer-ringworm of the body
/.primary contact dermatitis - Answer-local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the
environment or an allergy
