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NESA Testing Study Guide 2024 Questions with Solutions
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NESA Testing Study Guide 2024
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NESA Testing Study Guide 2024How are Blood borne pathogens spread? - answer The pathogen is present, in a
quantity, large enough to cause disease
the pathogen must enter through the appropriate entry site
the person is susceptible to the pathogen
What to do it you are exposed? - answer wash area with soap and water
with a mucous membrane, flush with water
if in the eyes, flush with water
contact exposure department for the next steps
Types of post-exposure treatment – answer anti-retroviral drugs
starting treatment within 24 hours if possible
follow-up care
Standard precautions - answer the best way to prevent the spread of blood-borne
pathogens
OSHA helps with... - answer providing standards to facilities to help protect workers
from a significant health risk associated with exposure to blood
Hep A - answerHighly contagious
IS a vaccine
fecal-oral route
Hep B - answertransmitted by infected blood or bodily secretions (diagnosed through
blood test)
IS a vaccine
most adults recover from the disease
90% of babies and 10% of adults are chronically infected
Hep C - answertransmitted by blood to blood contact
NO vaccine
diagnosis by blood testing
Acute Hep C - answerfirst 6 months after exposure; 15-25% of people clear the infection
from this phase
Chronic Hep C - answerlife long infection leading to serious liver disease
HIV - answerHIV is the human immunodeficiency virus
transmitted by infected blood or bodily secretions
, no vaccine
attacks and destroyed CD4 cells
eventually leads to AIDS
AIDS - answeracquired immune deficiency syndrome
immune system badly damaged
vulnerable to opportunistic infections
life expectancy without treatment about 3 years
Drug resistance - answerhappens when available antibiotics are not effective against
the microorganism
Common Drug resistant organisms - answerMethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
Major cause of drug resistant bacteria - answerimproper use of antibiotics
Preventing multidrug resistance - answerclinical practices should incorporate reporting
all contamination errors, optimum management of all catheters, prevention of
respiratory infections in intubated patients, and accurate diagnosis of infection disease
Unanticipated physiologic falls - answeroccur when the physical cause of the falls is not
reflected in the patient's risk factor for falls
anticipated physiological falls - answeroccur in patients whose score on risk
assessment scales
anticipated physiological fall - answerif a person is assessed for a high fall risk and falls
while in facility care the incident
intrinsic factors - answernurses should look for when assessing falls
-previous falls, unsteady gait, reduced vision, musculoskeletal diseases, mental status,
and acute or chronic illnesses
extrinsic factors - answerMedications, bathtubs/toilets without grab bars, chair/bed
height, condition of ground surfaces, lighting, and inadequate assistive devices among
others
best fall prevention program - answerincorporates many different interventions and
targets multiple risk factors individualized to each patient
Example of different interventions for fall prevention - answerencouragement of patient
to ask assistance
using non-skid foot wear
use of assistive devices as needed
education to patient and family about fall risks
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