100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NURS 5461 FINAL QUIZ EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED $10.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NURS 5461 FINAL QUIZ EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

 4 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

NURS 5461 FINAL QUIZ EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Renal issues that occur with normal aging Decreased GFR, decreased diluting capacity, decreased concentration ability, decreased sodium conservation (volume depletion) decreased sodium excreation (salt sensitivity/...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 26  pages

  • November 2, 2024
  • 26
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
avatar-seller
NURS 5461 FINAL QUIZ EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED


Renal issues that occur with normal aging


Decreased GFR, decreased diluting capacity, decreased concentration ability, decreased sodium

conservation (volume depletion) decreased sodium excreation (salt sensitivity/HTN), decreased

ammonium & bicarb production (metabolic acidosis)


Most accurate indicator of renal function in older adults


GFR - declines 8mls per decade starting at age 40


Small amounts of protein in urine


Chronic nephrosclerosis from HTN


renal artery stenosis


partial or complete blocking of one or both renal arteries - THIS ACTIVATES THE RENIN ANGIOTENSION

ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM AND CAUSES SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION TO ATTEMPT TO PERFUSE THE KIDNEY -

if pt has a 30% increase in creatinine after starting an ACE or ARB - think renal artery stenosis - risk

factors include smoking, HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM, aneurysms - renal stenting isn't indicated except in

extreme cases when you can't control BP or there is progressive kidney failure.


Most common cause of AKI


Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) followed by prerenal azotemia

,Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)


Damage to the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia. Results in oliguria.


Prerenal azotemia


Due to decreased blood flow to kidneys; common cause of acute renal failure - increase bun and

decreased renal flow - treat with volume resuscitation


acute tubular necrosis diagnostic criteria


DIAGNOSIS: URINE SEDIMENT WILL INCLUDE TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS & GRANULAR MUDDY BROWN

CASTS - in oliguria FENa >2% - TREATMENT IS SUPPORTIVE CARE AND OFTEN TIMES REVERSIBLE


Acute interstitial nephritis


Drug-induced hypersensitivity involving the interstitium and tubules; results in acute renal failure

(intrarenal azotemia) - most commone antibiotics to cause this are PENICILLINS, CEPHLOSPORINS, AND

FLUOROQUINOLONES (floxacins)


multiple myeloma "myeloma kidney"


malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Proteins light & heavy chains will deposit in parenchyma - pt will

present with lower back pain - seen AA women - will see sever proteinurea, low anion gap,

hypercalcemia, anemia, and bone pain - treat w chemotherapy (melphalan and prednisone)


3 types of glomerular disease


Acute nephritic syndrome

Post infection glomerulonephritis (step/staph)

IgA nephropathy


Nephrotic syndrome

, URINATING >3.5G OF PROTEIN PER DAY! WITH HYPOALBUMINEMIA, HLD, AND EDEMA - Can be from

primary glomerular disease, infection, malignancy, exposure to allergen/medication, DM, or HTN.

◦ RENAL BIOPSY IS ESSENTIAL FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS

◦ THERAPY - CONTROLL BP, USE RASS BLOCKERS, SODIUM RESTICTION, STATINS, ANTICOAGULATION

WHEN ALBUMIN IS <2.8


What do RAAS inhibitors do?


Decrease proteinuria


Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)


progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function - RENAL GLOMERULAR AND TUBULOINTERSTITIAL

FIBROSIS INCREASES WITH AGE LEADING TO CKD - presents with a decompensation of the pts preexisting

medical problems. - HTN AND DM ARE HIGH RISK FACTORS FOR CKD


RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)


Renin is released by kidneys in response to decreased blood volume; causes angiotensinogen to split &

produce angiotensin I; lungs convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II; angiotensin II stimulates adrenal

gland to release aldosterone & causes an increase in peripheral vasoconstriction


Medications to avoid in CKD


-NSAIDs- block the synthesis of the renal prostaglandins that promote vasodilation, and this can worsen

renal hypoperfusion

-DEMEROL: Metabolized to normeperidine in the liver, which kidneys excrete

-AMINOGLYCOSIDES, PENICILLIN, AND TETRACYCLINES: Nephrotoxic

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseAdvocate. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart