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Summary Translation A level Biology
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Year 1 Biology AQA A level notes. Achieved an A* in my final exam using these notes. They are based on the mark scheme requirements.
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Translation summary notes13 December 2022 13:01
Genome- all genes in an organism
Proteome- number of different proteins that a cell is able to produce/ number of different p
DNA is able to code for
- mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome
- In the cytoplasm there are free molecules of tRNA
- tRNA molecules have anticodons and a region where a specific amino acid can attach
- 20 different tRNA molecules with a specific anticodon and specific amino acid binding
- tRNA molecules bind with specific amino acids and bring them to the mRNA molecule
the ribosome
- Ribosome small and large subunits assemble over the mRNA at the start codon
- tRNA Anticodon binds with complementary codon on mRNA using complementary bas
pairing - forms hydrogen bonds
- Two tRNA molecules fit on the ribosome
- Ribosome moves along 3 bases (one codon), as it does so, it breaks the amino acid from
the previous tRNA molecule
- Peptide bond forms between the two amino acids (in E and P site) requires ATP and
releases water in a condensation reaction
- tRNA molecule in E site is ejected
- New tRNA molecule binds due to complementary base pairing to the A site
- Process continues until there is a stop codon as there is no anticodon on the tRNA that
matches
- Ribosome falls apart - breaks into sub units- polypeptide is left
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