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Summary Computers, Part of Your Life - Computer Applications Technology 12 CAT Study Notes for Final Exam Success
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  • Computer Applications Technology
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  • 12th Grade
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  • Computers, Part of Your Life

Unlock your potential with these concise Grade 12 Computer Applications Technology (CAT) notes, expertly crafted to cover everything you need for exam success. This summary pulls together critical concepts from the Compueters, part of your life Grade 12 2nd edition making your revision faster and m...

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Computer Applications Technology (CAT) - Comprehensive Revision Guide



1. Core Concepts & Definitions

Hardware and Software Basics

 Hardware: The physical components of a computer system.

o Central Processing Unit (CPU): Executes instructions, often called the "brain" of the
computer.

o Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data being actively used. More RAM
generally means smoother multitasking.

o Storage Devices: Long-term storage devices like Hard Drives (HDDs), Solid-State
Drives (SSDs), and USB drives.

o Input Devices: Tools like keyboards, mice, and scanners that allow users to interact
with the computer.

o Output Devices: Devices like monitors, printers, and speakers that display or output
data.

 Software: Programs and operating systems enabling computers to perform tasks.

o System Software: Includes the Operating System (OS), such as Windows, macOS, or
Linux, which manages hardware and software resources.

o Application Software: Programs designed to perform specific tasks, like Microsoft
Word for word processing or Photoshop for image editing.

o Utility Software: Helps maintain, analyze, and optimize a computer, such as antivirus
programs, file compression tools, and backup software.



2. Networking Fundamentals

 Types of Networks:

o LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area like an office or school.
Usually faster and more secure than larger networks.

o WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans a large geographic area, often using leased
telecommunication lines. The internet is the largest WAN.

o MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Connects networks across a city or campus.

 Network Topologies: Arrangement or layout of network devices.

o Bus Topology: All devices share a single cable; simple and low-cost, but prone to
slowdowns.

o Star Topology: Devices connected to a central hub. Easy to manage and
troubleshoot, but relies on the central device.

, o Mesh Topology: Every device connects to every other device; highly redundant but
costly.

 Network Devices:

o Router: Connects different networks, directing data across them.

o Switch: Connects devices within a network, managing data flow efficiently.

o Access Point: Allows wireless devices to connect to a network, forming a Wi-Fi
hotspot.



3. Data & Information Management

 Data vs. Information:

o Data: Raw, unorganized facts (e.g., numbers, text) without context.

o Information: Processed, organized data that has meaning (e.g., a report showing
trends).

 Database Basics:

o Database: Organized collection of data.

o Table: A set of rows and columns within a database.

o Primary Key: A unique identifier for each record within a table (e.g., Student ID).

o Foreign Key: A field in one table that refers to the primary key in another,
establishing a relationship.

 Database Management Systems (DBMS): Software for creating, managing, and manipulating
databases (e.g., MySQL, Microsoft Access).

 SQL Basics:

o SELECT: Retrieve data from a database.

o INSERT: Add new records.

o UPDATE: Modify existing records.

o DELETE: Remove records.

Example SQL Queries:

 Select all: SELECT * FROM Students;

 Insert a record: INSERT INTO Students (Name, Age) VALUES ('John Doe', 20);



4. The Internet & Online Safety

 Internet vs. World Wide Web (WWW):

o Internet: Global network of interconnected devices.

, o WWW: Collection of web pages accessible on the internet.

 Cybersecurity Essentials:

o Virus: Malicious program that replicates and spreads, potentially damaging data.

o Firewall: Security system that monitors and controls network traffic, blocking
unauthorized access.

o Antivirus Software: Detects, prevents, and removes malware.

o Phishing: Scam in which attackers pose as legitimate entities to steal sensitive
information.

 Online Privacy Tips:

o Use strong, unique passwords and consider password managers.

o Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for an extra layer of security.

o Be cautious with sharing personal information and adjust privacy settings on social
media.



5. System Troubleshooting and Maintenance

 Troubleshooting Common Issues:

o Slow Performance: Close unnecessary applications, check for malware, clear cache,
and consider upgrading RAM.

o Software Crashes: Restart the application, update the software, and check
compatibility.

o Internet Connectivity Issues: Restart the router, check network settings, and run a
network troubleshooter.

 Maintenance Tips:

o Disk Cleanup: Frees up space by removing temporary and unnecessary files.

o Disk Defragmentation: Organizes fragmented files to improve speed (more relevant
for HDDs).

o Software Updates: Keeps system secure and improves functionality.

o Backup Data Regularly: Protects against data loss.



6. Exam Tips & Strategies

 Understanding Key Terms: Be familiar with terminology, particularly in networking,
cybersecurity, and databases.

 Troubleshooting Process: Know basic steps for resolving software, hardware, and
connectivity issues.

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