Exam (elaborations)
Biology 1101 Chapter 5 Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- BIO 1101
- Institution
- Georgia State University
Biology 1101 Chapter 5 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Biology 1101 Chapter 5 QuestionsAnd Answers Latest Update
active site ANS✔✔ The part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate
molecule attaches (by means of weak chemical bonds); typically, a pocket or
groove on the enzyme's surface.
activation energy ANS✔✔ The amount of energy that reactants must absorb
before a chemical reaction will start.
active transport ANS✔✔ The movement of a substance across a biological
membrane against its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport
proteins and requiring an input of energy( often as ATP)
ATP ANS✔✔ Adenosine Triphosphate, the main energy source for cells.
ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.
aquaporin ANS✔✔ A transport protein in the plasma membrane of an
animal, plant, or microorganism cell that facilitates the diffusion of water
across the membrane (osmosis)
cellular respiration ANS✔✔ The aerobic harvesting of energy from food
molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such
as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to
perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative
phosphorylation ( the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)
, chemical energy ANS✔✔ Energy available in molecules for release in a
chemical reaction; a form of potential energy.
coenzyme ANS✔✔ An organic molecule serving as a cofactor.
cofactor ANS✔✔ A nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the
proper functioning of an enzyme. Often inorganic, nonprotein helpers such as
zinc, iron, or copper
competitive inhibitor ANS✔✔ A substance that reduces the activity of an
enzyme by binding to the enzyme's active site in place of the substrate.
concentration gradient ANS✔✔ a region along which the density of a
chemical substance increases or decreases.
diffusion ANS✔✔ The random movement of particles that results in the net
movement of a substance down its concentration gradient from a region where
it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated.
endergonic reaction ANS✔✔ An energy-requiring chemical reaction, which
yields products with more potential energy than the reactants.
endocytosis ANS✔✔ Cellular uptake of molecules or particles via formation
of new vesicles from the plasma membrane.
energy coupling ANS✔✔ In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released
from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
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