Which is responsible for the stimulation of release of aldosterone? - Answer angiotensin
II
ACE inhibitors block ACE and Kinase II causing? - Answer vasodilation, decreased
blood volume, decreases cardiac remodeling, increases bradykinin
ACE Inhibitors in HF? - Answer reduce cardiac afterload, increasing CO, venous dilation
causing decreased pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema; Post MI- reduces HF
risk
what affects heart and blood vessel arterioles? - Answer non-dihydropyridines-
Verapamil and Diltiazem: decreases HR, contractility, AV node conduction
(cardiosuppression); don't admin with BB
what primarily has an effect on arterioles of blood vessels? - Answer Dihydropyridines:
Nifedipine
what is indicated for angina pectoris, hypertension, and cardiac dysrhythmias? -
Answer Non-dihydropyridines CCB
which class of drug causes reflex tachycardia? - Answer Dihydropyridines- angina and
hypertension
what is a vasodilator? - Answer nitric oxide
what protects heart from excessive sympathetic stimulation and dysrhythmias - Answer
, BB
heave? - Ans right ventricular enlargement
PMI displaced? - Ans LVH
when to order diuretics in heart failure? - Ans evidence of fluid overload (not all HF pts)
poor oxygenation? - Ans increase FiO2 and/or PEEP
poor ventilation? - Ans RR and/or TV
reduces the risk of heart failure by 50%? - Answer control of blood pressure
important risk factor in women for heart failure? - Answer DM
systolic heart failure? - Answer HFrEF; EF <40%
diastolic heart failure? - Answer HFpEF; EF >50%
stages A-D progression of disease, risk factors, and cardiac structure? - Answer
American Heart Association; classification of HF
functional classification of HF? - Answer New York Heart Association
Most useful physical exam to identify congestion? -Answer JVD
diagnostic tests in HF? -Answer aid in the cause and indicate complications
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