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Chapter 19 - GPC – Notes Exam 100% Correct!!

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What do Staphylococcus and Micrococcus have in common? - ANSWERS• Location: widespread in nature and on human skin, although Micrococcus is more transient • Catalase Reaction: Strongly Positive • Appearance on Gram Stain: Gram Positive Cocci, nonmotile Pathogenicity - ANSWERSMi...

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  • November 3, 2024
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Chapter 19 - GPC – Notes Exam 100%
Correct!!

What do Staphylococcus and

Micrococcus have in common? - ANSWERS• Location: widespread in nature and on

human skin, although Micrococcus is more

transient

• Catalase Reaction: Strongly Positive

• Appearance on Gram Stain: Gram Positive

Cocci, nonmotile



Pathogenicity - ANSWERSMicrococcus is a harmless saprophyte; Staph is opportunistic, especially if skin
is penetrated



Oxygen Requirements - ANSWERSMicrococcus is a strict aerobe (it is also oxidase positive); Staph

species are facultative anaerobes



Arrangement - ANSWERSMicrococcus makes tetrads more often than Staph; both also make clusters



Resistance to Salt - ANSWERSStaph is a halophile, Micrococcus less so



Micrococcus vs Staphylococcus - ANSWERS* Since they are both commonly isolated from clinical
specimens, it is important to be able to differentiate whether the isolate is a harmless bystander or a
potential cause of infection.

* Remember Koch's Postulates? Isolating

something from a clinical specimen does

NOT prove it is the cause of the disease.

, Two Species of Staph Associated with Human Disease - ANSWERS• Staphylococcus aureus -the more
virulent

• Staphylococcus epidermidis - usually harmless unless inserted through skin via a catheter, surgical
procedure or needle




Exotoxins - Categories - ANSWERS- Neurotoxins work on neurons

- Enterotoxins work on the enteric tract; Gl symptoms

- Cytotoxins destroy cells, entire tissues



Optional Toxins Present in Staph aureus - ANSWERS• Cytolytic toxins that act against WBCs

• Exfoliative toxins dissolve desmosomes which lock epithelial cells together, causing skin cells to
separate and slough off

• TSS Toxin: causes toxic shock

• Enterotoxins: 5 proteins, A through E, which stimulate intense intestinal spasms, vomiting, nausea and
diarrhea.



S. aureus Food Intoxication - ANSWERS• NOT food poisoning - bacteria may be dead, but toxin is left
behind

• High-protein, creamy foods contaminated with skin flora, then kept at RT for several hours

• Re-heating food will not break down toxin: stable at boiling temps. for 30 minutes

• Food has no off taste or smell

• Rapid symptoms -within 4 hours

• Rapid resolution, once toxin is expelled

What Determines Pathogenicity in Staph? - ANSWERS• Coagulase is an enzyme bound to the outer
surface and secreted into environment

• Coagulase causes blood to clot by activating the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

• Fibrin clots hide the bacteria from phagocytic cells

• ONLY Staphylococcus aureus produces

coagulase!

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