Exam (elaborations)
NUR 631 Exam 2
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Exam of 40 pages for the course NS 631 at NS 631 (NUR 631 Exam 2)
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StudyNUR 631 Exam 2
1. What are examples of things that can cause visceral pain?: Intestine,
biliary tree, liver disease
2. What are examples of things that can cause parietal pain?:
Appendicitis, peritonitis
3. What are examples of things that can cause referred pain?: Cholecystitis
4. What are examples of things that can cause colicky pain?: Renal stones
5. What is the order in which you should perform an abdominal
physical exam?: 1. inspection
2. auscultation
3. percussion
4. palpation
6. What diagnosis would you consider for a 30 year old with heart burn,
early satiety, burping and generalized abdominal pain?: Dyspepsia related
to gastritis
7. What diagnosis would you consider for a 50 YEAR OLD SMOKER with
heart burn and abdominal pain?: Colon cancer
8. How high is the bilirubin level when the patient is starting to
develop physical jaundice?: 2.5 or higher
9. bilirubin is unconjugated, which means that it has not
been metabolized by the liver or made into a water soluble form of bilirubin:
Indirect bilirubin
10. is processed bilirubin that is water soluble:
Direct biliru- bin
11.What are some of the causes of elevated indirect bilirubin levels?: -
hemol- ysis
- heart failure
- Gilbert syndrome
- neonates
- hyperthyroidism
- chronic hepatitis & advanced liver cirrhosis
12.What are some of the causes of elevated direct bilirubin levels?: -
choledo- cholithiasis
- tumors
- AIDS
- acute/chronic pancreatitis
- viral hepatitis
- alcoholic hepaitits
- biliary tree cholangitis
- sepsis
,Study
NUR 631 Exam 2
- TPN
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NUR 631 Exam 2
- postoperative cholestasis
- sickle cell disease
- pregnancy
- end stage liver disease
13.What does a history of fever, chills and RUQ pain indicate?: Acute
cholan- gitis
14.What does RUQ pain with a history of anorexia, malaise and
myalgias indicate?: Viral hepatitis
15.What is the terminology for when the gallbladder is so distended that
you can palpate it?: Courvoiser Sign
16.What is the terminology for inspiratory arrest that occurs when you are
putting pressure on the RUQ due to inflammed gallbladder?: Murphey's
Sign
17.Which liver enzyme is specific for hepatocytes?: ALT
18.Which liver enzyme is more specific to alcohol, statins and tylenol use?:
AST
19.If the ratio of AST to ALT is 2 to 1, what does this indicate?: Liver
damage due to alcohol, statins or tylenol
20.If the ratio of ALT is twice as high as AST, what does this indicate?:
Viral hepatitis
21.What is the normal range for ALT and AST?: 30-40
22.What does an elevated ALT, AST and Alk Phos indicate?: Gallbladder
ob- struction
23.What are the signs and symptoms in a patient that has MILD melena?: -
Resting tachycardia
24.What are the signs and symptoms in a patient that has melena with a
blood volume loss of at least 15%?: Orthostatic hypotension
25.What are the signs and symptoms of a patient that has melena with a
blood volume loss of at least 40%?: Supine hypotension + abdominal pain
26.What type of anemia would someone with melena have?: Iron
deficiency anemia
27.What is the gold standard diagnostic test for a patient with Melena?:
En- doscopy
28.What are the leading causes for dysphagia?: Alzheimer disease +
stroke
29.This type of dysphagia is due to a tumor that is obstructing the
passage of food: Mechanical dysphagia
30.This type of dysphagia is due to a neurological deficit resulting in
the inability to swallow: Functional dysphagia
, Study
NUR 631 Exam 2
31.What is the gold standard diagnostic test for dysphagia?: Video
fluoroscop- ic swallow study
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