Head is suddenly accelerated then decelerated
hyperextension spinal
cord injury -Ex. Diving (hit face), fall with chin strike, rear end
collision (break happens in front of spine)
Compression fractures of compression of spinal cord caused by fractured
spinal cord vertebrae
displacement of vertebrae
flexion-rotation spinal
think of a fall, or violent collision. Ex. Christopher
cord injury
Reeve
injury to cervical spine injury to C4 causes tetraplegia from neck down
causes injury to c6 causes tetraplegia from shoulders down
Paralysis in legs and thoracic region but arms can
still function
injury to thoracic spine
Loss of bowel and bladder control
Pain
paralysis of legs and pelvic region
Loss of bowel and bladder control
injury to lumbar spine Pain
Sensory changes
Spasticity and weakness
,11/3/24, 4:00 PM RNSG 2539 exam 3 ||2024-2025 update|COMPLETE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% Correc…
c-spine immobilization
•The patient is kept on the transfer board.
•No part of the body should be twisted or turned,
and the patient is not allowed to sit up.
medical interventions for
•If cervical fracture is found the patient may be
spinal injury's
placed on a rotating specialty bed with cervical
traction
•Or in a cervical collar with a hard bed
•Or a halo vest
- immobilization
- assess resp dysfunction
- assess cardio fxn
- monitor s/s of hypovolemic shock
- assess nutritional status and presence of stress
nursing interventions for
ulcers
spinal cord injury
- assess urinary and bowel fxn
- assess environment for temp control
- assess pain
- SCD, TED
- medications
Surgery is indicated if:
•Compression of the cord is evident.
•Fragmented or unstable vertebral body.
•A wound that penetrates the cord.
surgery options for spinal •Neurologic status is deteriorating.
cord injury •Early stabilization improves outcome
•Goal: stabilize & remove pressure to preserve
function
Medication
•High-dose IV corticosteroids (methylprednisolone)
decreased reflexes, loss of sensation, and flaccid
spinal shock s/s
paralysis below the level of injury
nursing diagnosis for high risk for injury
cervical spinal cord injury
if pt is intubated
, 11/3/24, 4:00 PM RNSG 2539 exam 3 ||2024-2025 update|COMPLETE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% Correc…
what can be done to tilt gunnery or wheelchair
combat venous pooling
and low bp in a patient
with spinal cord injury
-Lack of nerve supply to the bladder
What is neurogenic
-Person can't feel when bladder is full
bladder
-Must use catheter to void
- poor voiding due to inability to feel need to void
clinical manifestations of
- overflow incontinence so full bladder cannot feel,
neurogenic bladder
incontinent
measurement of fluid intake, urine output, and
assessment and
residual urine volume; urinalysis; and assessment of
diagnostic findings for
sensory awareness of bladder fullness and degree
neurogenic bladder
of motor control.
continuous, intermittent, or self-catheterization
Medical management for an external condom-type catheter
neurogenic bladder a diet low in calcium (to prevent calculi)
encouragement of mobility and ambulation.
Parasympathomimetic medications, such as
Medications for
bethanechol (Urecholine), may help to increase the
neurogenic bladder
contraction of the detrusor muscle.
When the brain continues to move forward after a
rapid stop, striking the inside of the skull, resulting in
coup-contrecoup brain
a compression injury or bruising to the anterior of
injury
the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior
of the brain.
Include concussions and diffuse axonal injuries
Involve microscopic damage to cells
Most common mechanisms of injury include
diffuse brain injury
acceleration-deceleration injuries and rotational
forces
involves large portion of the brain
blow to head causing trauma from minor to severe.
Concussion (brain injury) if lose consciousness may result in memory loss
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