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MN 551 Patho Exam Questions And Answers
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As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an interview precedes a physical
examination. Which of the following questions would a clinician be justified in excluding from
an intake interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician for the treatment of
anorexia nervosa? - answer✔"Have you had any episodes of shortness of breath in the recent
past?"
A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he
claims is of sudden onset. The patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood
in the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential contributing factors would the
care team first suspect? - answer✔Alcohol consumption
Cheryl has celiac disease. Which diet should you place her on? - answer✔Gluten free diet
The mother of a 19-week-old infant has brought her baby to a nurse practitioner for assessment
because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal biopsy has confirmed a
diagnosis of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to know what caused the disease.
Which of the following aspects of the etiology of celiac disease would underlie the explanation
that the nurse practitioner provides? - answer✔An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results
in increased levels of antibodies and an inflammatory response.
For several years, a 39-year-old female has been averaging two to three bottles of wine each
night after her children go to sleep, and has included several ounces of brandy in recent years as
well. Despite negative consequences to her career and the dissolution of her marriage, her
drinking continued and now has culminated in a diagnosis of cirrhosis. Which of the following
physical manifestations of the health problem would her care team anticipate? - answer✔Ascites
A 29-year-old female has been admitted to the emergency department following a suicide
attempt by overdose of acetaminophen. What changes in the patient's liver and diagnostic results
would the care team most likely anticipate? - answer✔Centrilobular necrosis evidenced by
increased ALT and AST levels
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Which of the following patients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of IBD? -
answer✔A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower abdomen, "comes
and goes," and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache."
A 79-year-old male resident of a long-term care facility has contracted Clostridium difficile and
is experiencing consequent diarrhea. Auscultation of the man's abdomen indicates hyperactive
bowel sounds. What processes in the man's small intestine are most likely accompanying his
current status? - answer✔Inflammation is accompanied by an increase in peristaltic movements
of his small intestine.
David has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following lab tests would you
expect to be decreased? - answer✔Vitamins A, B complex and C levels
A male patient complaining of chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea has been determined to
have a deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine. Which of the following
meals or snacks is most likely to exacerbate the patient's signs and symptoms? - answer✔Roast
beef and a baked potato
A 20-year-old male who is addicted to crystal methamphetamine has been admitted to the
hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of inadequate food
intake. Which of the following treatment plans would the care team most likely favor? -
answer✔Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation
A 48-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis following a thorough
history, ultrasound, and blood work. Which of the following symptoms most likely caused her to
seek medical treatment, and what consequences of her health problem would the medical team
anticipate? - answer✔Pruritus with consequences of deficient levels of fat-soluble vitamins
A 24-year-old woman undergoing a premarital screening test is found to have elevated levels of
AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals
inflammation and cellular damage. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be
effective for her? - answer✔Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs
A 71-year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal cancer and is
attempting to increase his knowledge about his diagnosis. Which of the following statements
about colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of the disease? - answer✔"While
diet is thought to play a role in the development of colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes are
largely unknown."
A female neonate has been in respiratory distress since delivery and is unresponsive to oxygen
therapy. Endoscopy has confirmed a diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal
fistula (EA/TEF). Which of the following explanations should the care team provide to the
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infant's parents? - answer✔"We will have to perform surgery to correct the hole in her throat to
make sure that she is able to swallow and breathe normally."
As a result of oral ingestion of the microorganisms, an individual has contracted H. pylori.
Which of the following health problems is the individual now at increased risk for? -
answer✔Gastric adenocarcinoma
A 40-year-old female has been categorized as being obese, with a BMI of 33.2. Which of the
following health problems is the patient at a significantly increased risk for compared with
individuals with a BMI below 25? - answer✔Osteoarthritis
A gastroenterologist is teaching a group of nurse practitioner students about the enteric nervous
system in preparation for a consultation on a patient who has suffered a spinal cord injury.
Which of the physician's teaching points is most accurate? - answer✔"The enteric nervous
system is made up of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses; these are located in the wall of the
GI tract."
A 43-year-old male who is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 216 pounds has been informed by his
nurse practitioner that his body mass index (BMI) is 31. Which of the following clinical
conclusions based on these data would his nurse be most justified in rejecting? - answer✔The
patient is borderline obese but is not yet at the point of significantly increased risks to health.
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male patient with a long-standing hiatal hernia.
Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the pathophysiology of
hiatal hernias? - answer✔If esophageal acid clearance is impaired, esophagitis can result.
Which of the following patients on a hospital medical unit is most clearly demonstrating the
signs and symptoms of liver failure? - answer✔A 44-year-old man with low hemoglobin levels,
low platelet levels, and spider angiomas
A 42-year-old female patient with a long-standing history of chronic nausea and vomiting but a
near-insatiable appetite has had her symptoms attributed to an enzyme deficiency. Further
diagnostic testing indicates that she has inadequate pancreatic enzyme levels and that her large
appetite is due to a lack of enzyme control of food intake inhibition. In which of the following
enzymes is the woman most likely deficient? - answer✔Cholecystokinin
Which of the following measures would likely be rejected as part of a first-line weight loss plan
for a patient with a BMI of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension? - answer✔Gastric bypass
While on tour, a 32-year-old male musician has presented to the emergency department of a
hospital after a concert complaining of severe and sudden abdominal pain. He admits to a history
of copious alcohol use in recent years, and his vital signs include a temperature of 38.8°C
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(101.8°F), blood pressure of 89/48 mm Hg, and heart rate of 116 beats per minute. Blood work
indicates that his serum levels of C-reactive protein, amylase, and lipase are all elevated. Which
of the following diagnoses would the care team first suspect? - answer✔Acute pancreatitis
A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of the lower
esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences of this condition is
most likely? - answer✔Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the
esophagus
A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and cokes each
evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his regular physical
exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative implications for his work or
family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's statement? - answer✔"When your
body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your blood and the functional cells in your
liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic byproducts."
A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of heroic
proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following phenomena would
most likely have produced his sensation of satiety? - answer✔Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like
peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse.
After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female patient has been diagnosed
with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following treatment regimens is
likely to best address the woman's health problem? - answer✔Proton pump inhibitors, avoiding
large meals, and remaining upright after meals
A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain in his right
eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is corneal rather than a
conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the distinguishing symptom? -
answer✔Severe pain
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care provider to
have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see why you want to
test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie
the care provider's response to the patient? - answer✔The amount of glucose attached to A1C
cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of the cell.
A 29-year-old woman has been diagnosed with otosclerosis after several years of progressive
hearing loss. What pathophysiologic process has characterized her diagnosis? - answer✔New,
sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and oval window.
