CDASA I: Topic 8
GEOINT - Answer-- The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe,
assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the earth
- Provides the geographical context to precisely locate, analyze, and monitor activities and provides a
basis for developing shared awareness of the operational environment
3 Components of GEOINT - Answer-- Imagery
- Imagery Intelligence: intelligence derived from imagery and sensors
- Geospatial Information: identifies geographic location, characteristics of natural and constructed
features and boundaries on the earth
HUMINT - Answer-Derived from information collected and provided by human sources:
- Interrogations: captured or detained person
- Source Operations: walk-ins, developed sources, and unwitting persons
- Debriefings: friendly forces, refugees/displaced, returnees, volunteers
SIGINT - Answer-Produced by exploiting foreign communication systems and non-communication
emitters
3 Subcategories of SIGINT - Answer-- COMINT: foreign communications (radio, wire, cell, etc)
, - ELINT: emitters (OPELINT: location, movement, employment, tactics, and activity; TECHELINT:
parameters of the signal like frequency, wavelength, function, modes, limitations, vulnerabilities,
capability, etc)
- FISINT (foreign instrumentation SIGINT): technical analysis of data intercepted from foreign equipment
like telemetry, interrogators, tracking, fusing, arming and firing command systems, and video datalinks
MASINT - Answer-- Produced by quantitative and qualitative analysis of physical attributes of targets
and events to detect, tag, track, characterize, locate, and identify fixed and dynamic targets and sources
- Specialized technically derived measurements of the physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or
event
Sources of MASINT include: - Answer-- EO Data: emitted or reflected energy
- Radar: radar energy reflected
- Radio Frequency: radio freq/electromagnetic pulse with nuclear testing or high-energy events
- Geophysical: transmitted through the earth
- Materials: gas, liquid, solid samples
- Nuclear radiation
OSINT - Answer-- Based on open source information
- Susceptible to manipulation and deception
TECHINT - Answer-- Derived from the exploitation of foreign material and scientific information
- Begins with acquisition of the equipment
- Used by US weapons developers, countermeasure designers, tacticians, and operational forces to
prevent technical surprise, reduce adversary advantage, and enhance force protection
- Also used to produce on capabilities, limitations, and vulnerabilities
Counterintelligence (CI) - Answer-- Offensive and defensive
GEOINT - Answer-- The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial information to describe,
assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the earth
- Provides the geographical context to precisely locate, analyze, and monitor activities and provides a
basis for developing shared awareness of the operational environment
3 Components of GEOINT - Answer-- Imagery
- Imagery Intelligence: intelligence derived from imagery and sensors
- Geospatial Information: identifies geographic location, characteristics of natural and constructed
features and boundaries on the earth
HUMINT - Answer-Derived from information collected and provided by human sources:
- Interrogations: captured or detained person
- Source Operations: walk-ins, developed sources, and unwitting persons
- Debriefings: friendly forces, refugees/displaced, returnees, volunteers
SIGINT - Answer-Produced by exploiting foreign communication systems and non-communication
emitters
3 Subcategories of SIGINT - Answer-- COMINT: foreign communications (radio, wire, cell, etc)
, - ELINT: emitters (OPELINT: location, movement, employment, tactics, and activity; TECHELINT:
parameters of the signal like frequency, wavelength, function, modes, limitations, vulnerabilities,
capability, etc)
- FISINT (foreign instrumentation SIGINT): technical analysis of data intercepted from foreign equipment
like telemetry, interrogators, tracking, fusing, arming and firing command systems, and video datalinks
MASINT - Answer-- Produced by quantitative and qualitative analysis of physical attributes of targets
and events to detect, tag, track, characterize, locate, and identify fixed and dynamic targets and sources
- Specialized technically derived measurements of the physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or
event
Sources of MASINT include: - Answer-- EO Data: emitted or reflected energy
- Radar: radar energy reflected
- Radio Frequency: radio freq/electromagnetic pulse with nuclear testing or high-energy events
- Geophysical: transmitted through the earth
- Materials: gas, liquid, solid samples
- Nuclear radiation
OSINT - Answer-- Based on open source information
- Susceptible to manipulation and deception
TECHINT - Answer-- Derived from the exploitation of foreign material and scientific information
- Begins with acquisition of the equipment
- Used by US weapons developers, countermeasure designers, tacticians, and operational forces to
prevent technical surprise, reduce adversary advantage, and enhance force protection
- Also used to produce on capabilities, limitations, and vulnerabilities
Counterintelligence (CI) - Answer-- Offensive and defensive
