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ASWB LMSW Exam (Full) Study Guide
Solutions
Erik Erikson - ANSWER✔✔-known for his 8-stage theory of psychosocial development focusing on
resolving successive identity crises
Basic Trust Vs Mistrust (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-infants learn trust and develop a sense of safety through
the consistency of the caregiver meeting their needs (birth to one year)
Autonomy Vs Shame & Doubt (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-toddlers learn to do things for themselves through
encouragement and support (1-3 years)
Initiative Vs Guilt (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they
feel guilty about their efforts at independence (3-6 years)
Industry Vs Inferiority (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-school-age children learn the pleasure of applying oneself
to a task, or they feel inferior (6-12 years)
Identity Vs Role Confusion (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-teenagers develop a sense of self by testing roles and
then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are (12-20
years)
Intimacy Vs Isolation (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-young adults work on forming and maintaining intimate
relationships or they feel socially isolated (20-25 years)
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Generativity Vs Stagnation (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-middle-aged adults discover a sense of contributing
through family or work, or they may feel a lack of purpose (25-65 years)
Ego Integrity Vs Despair (Erikson) - ANSWER✔✔-older adults reflect on satisfaction with their lives or feel
a sense of failure (65 years to death)
Social Development - Micro - ANSWER✔✔-learning how to behave and interact well with others;
learning how to manage feelings in a way that is productive rather than counterproductive
Social Development - Macro - ANSWER✔✔-learning how people interact in groups and society (family,
community), especially in regards to social norms, institutional change, and inclusion
Emotional Development - ANSWER✔✔-learning self-awareness, self-regulation, social skills, cooperation,
attention, transitioning from one activity to another, self-confidence, forming and maintaining
relationships
Six Levels of Cognition - ANSWER✔✔-knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis,
evaluation (KCAASE)
Knowledge - ANSWER✔✔-rote memorization, recognition, recall of facts (1st level of cognition)
Comprehension - ANSWER✔✔-understanding what facts mean (2nd level of cognition)
Application - ANSWER✔✔-correct use of facts, rules, or ideas (3rd level of cognition)
Analysis - ANSWER✔✔-breaking information down into its component parts (4th level of cognition)
Synthesis - ANSWER✔✔-combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole (5th level of
cognition)
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Evaluation - ANSWER✔✔-judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation (6th level of
cognition)
Jean Piaget - ANSWER✔✔-known for his 4-stage theory of cognitive development in children
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget) - ANSWER✔✔-infants and young toddlers explore using the senses and
learn object permanence (birth to 2 years)
Preoperational Stage (Piaget) - ANSWER✔✔-young children engage in symbolic thinking (pretend play
and imaginary friends) and concrete, egocentric thinking (2-7 years)
Concrete Operations Stage (Piaget) - ANSWER✔✔-school-age children engage in logical thinking,
understanding rules and cause-effect relationships (7-11 years)
Formal Operations Stage (Piaget) - ANSWER✔✔-by puberty, people are able to engage in abstract
hypothetical thinking, plan for the future, and test hypotheses (11 years through adulthood)
Lawrence Kohlberg - ANSWER✔✔-known for his theory of stages of moral development
Preconventional Morality (Kohlberg) - ANSWER✔✔-obeys authority out of fear of punishment; acts in
own best interests; conforms to receive rewards (childhood)
Conventional Morality (Kohlberg) - ANSWER✔✔-acts to gain approval from others; obeys laws and fulfills
obligations to maintain social system; avoids censure and guilt (adolescents & most adults)
Postconventional Morality (Kohlberg) - ANSWER✔✔-genuine interest in others' welfare; concerned with
individual rights and being morally right; guided by principles and concerns based on broad, universal
ethics and morality (some adults)
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Learning Theory - Behaviorism - ANSWER✔✔-learning is viewed through change in behavior and the
stimuli in the external environment are the locus of learning; change the external environment and
change behavior
Learning Theory - Cognitive Theory - ANSWER✔✔-learning is viewed through internal mental processes
(insight, information processing, memory, perception) and the locus of learning is internal cognitive
structures; develop opportunities to foster capacity and skills to improve learning
Learning Theory - Humanism - ANSWER✔✔-learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reaching
his or her full potential, and the locus of learning is in meeting cognitive and other needs; develop the
whole person
Learning Theory - Social Theory - ANSWER✔✔-learning is obtained between people and their
environment--their interactions and observations in social contexts; establish opportunities for
conversation and participation
Respondent Behavior (Behaviorism) - ANSWER✔✔-involuntary behavior (anxiety, sexual response) that is
automatically elicited by certain behavior. A stimulus elicits a response.
Operant Behavior (Behaviorism) - ANSWER✔✔-voluntary behavior (walking, talking) that is controlled by
its consequences in the environment
Classical Conditioning - ANSWER✔✔-learning to associate an involuntary response and a stimulus
(Pavlov's dogs develop the expectation that they will be fed when a bell rings)
Operant Conditioning - ANSWER✔✔-learning to associate a voluntary response with a consequence
(Skinner's rats develop the expectation that they will get food by pressing a lever)
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