PSYC329 Training Exam Questions And Already Passed Answers.
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Course
Psych 329
Institution
Psych 329
What are the four psychological differences found between the WERID and NON-WERID populations? - Answer 1) Visual perception
2) Attention to the field
3) Fairness
4) Individualistic vs collectivistic
A study conducted asked people to estimate how much longer line A needed to be in order ...
PSYC329 Training Exam Questions And
Already Passed Answers.
What are the four psychological differences found between the WERID and NON-WERID populations? -
Answer 1) Visual perception
2) Attention to the field
3) Fairness
4) Individualistic vs collectivistic
A study conducted asked people to estimate how much longer line A needed to be in order to be the
same length as line B. Results indicated that American undergrads believed the line needed to be
extended further than those from other cultural contexts. This is explained by the carpentered world
hypothesis. Reflecting a difference in visual perception across cultures. This study was conducted by -
Answer Segall et al (1966) looking at visual perception
What is the carpentered world hypothesis? - Answer those individuals who grow up in environments
with angles e.g houses are effected by the illusion that line A needs to be extended to be the same as
line B. Compared to those individuals who grow up in a more circular environment and therefore see the
lines as been similar
A study that involved a task of manipulating a line so that it is vertical , if you were able to ignore the
environment and focus on the object you did better. Results showed that European Americans make less
errors whereas the East Asians make more errors. East Asian participants seem to be impacted more by
their environment compared to Americans. American cognition is very object focused where as in the
Asian culture the environment and object are interlinked. this study was conducted by - Answer Ji,
peng and Nisbett (2000) looking at the difference in attention to the field across cultures
study looked at 15 cultural groups, found that some cultures are happy to give small amounts and the
responder is happy to take small amount. Other cultures are happy to give more and some responders
may reject a low rate. Reasons for differences in what people are willing to give and accept is societal
structure/ differences e.g living in a village you only care about your family, compared to living in a
society that relies on the economy. The ways in which you are brought up plays a part in this game. A
theory to consider here that plays a part is self interest theory of selfishness axiom: you will focus on
maximising and improving your own economic/material well-being and that both the proposer and the
responder will work towards maximisation of their material wealth. This study was conducted by -
Answer Heinrich, looking at the difference in fairness across cultures
, a study looking at individualistic and collectivistic cultures found that individualistic cultures value
independence they are motivated by own preferences, needs and rights. The focus is on them as an
individual and immediate family only. Collectivistic cultures foster harmony, they value cooperation and
the group. The study found three main factors that influence whether an individual is individualistic vs
collectivistic 1) Complexity, if you grow up in a more complex environment you grow up more
individualistic. 2) Tightness vs looseness, tight cultures were collective whereas loose cultures were
individualistic. 3) Language high context vs low context, high context cultures is when you presume there
is shared understanding between the group you don't have to unpack everything they need to know
these cultures tend to be more collectivistic. Where as low context cultures are highly verbal, you are
encouraged to spe - Answer Triandis and Hofstede looking at individualism and collectivism
What do the difference in terms of 1) visual perception, 2) attention to the field, 3) fairness and 4)
individualism vs collectivism tell us? - Answer Provides evidence to suggest we need to be careful
about the universal application of psychology. Psychology is based off Americans therefore psychology is
informed by these American populations/cultures. The top psychology journals are occupied by
American academics. WEIRD populations tend to always be used and within these populations they tend
to all be English speaking which again is problematic
What is an example of where we can see the impact of the differences across cultures in the application
of psychological knowledge and how the use of cultural psychology is used? - Answer self esteem,
there is this pervasive idea in psychology that individuals are motivated to cultivate a positive self-view.
However there does seem to be cross cultural differences in self-esteem. People from East Asian
contexts evaluate themselves less positively and are more critical than people from north American
context. From this we would conclude that east asian individuals have poorer wellbeing as suggested by
psychology. However using cultural psychology we can look at how this culture defines the self and what
is important for wellbeing. Within this east asian culture they value self regard, which involves trying to
be the type of person that is viewed in your culture as significant, valued the good, what this suggests is
the notion that self esteem and its relationships to overall wellbeing only applied to one context that of
the WERID population.f
In terms of self esteem people from East Asian contexts evaluate them selves - Answer less positively
and are more critical then people from a north American context.
What does self esteem tell us about the importance of using cultural psychology? - Answer using the
psychology general model to measure self-esteem indicates that individuals from East Asian contexts
tend to evaluate themselves less positively and are more critical then that of individuals from a North
American context. This would lead to the conclusion that East Asian cultures have poorer well being.
however by understanding that East Asian cultures value self regard rather then self esteem, valuing how
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