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NSG 310 Quiz #9 Questions with Complete Answers
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NSG 310 Quiz #9 Questions with Complete Answers
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NSG 310 Quiz #9 Questions withComplete Answers
What is the esophagus? - Answer-A tube-like structure from mouth to stomach
What are the two esophageal sphincters? - Answer-Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
and lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
What are the three parts of the stomach? - Answer-Fundus, body, and pylorus
What are the two sphincters of the stomach? - Answer-Lower esophageal sphincter
(LES) and pyloric sphincter
What are the three parts of the small intestine? - Answer-Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What is the small intestine lined with? - Answer-Villi
What is the main function of the small intestine? - Answer-Absorption of nutrients
What hormones does the small intestine release? Why? - Answer-Cholecystokinin and
secretin to aid in digestion
Ducts from the _____ and the ____ enter the duodenum - Answer-Liver; pancreas
What is enterohepatic circulation? - Answer-Circulation of bile acids from liver to the
ileum and back to the liver; aids in digestion
What is the most accurate test for diagnosing upper GI disorders? - Answer-An upper
endoscopy
How are GI disorders diganosed? - Answer-Upper endoscopy, video capsule
endoscopy, barium x-rays, H. pylori testing, and presence of esophageal or GI pain
What is esophagitis? - Answer-Inflammation of the esophagus
What bacteria causes esophagitis? - Answer-Candida albicans
What medications cause esophagitis? - Answer-NSAIDs and anticholinergics
A patient complaining of a "burning sensation" in their esophagus likely has which GI
disorder? - Answer-Esophagitis
How is esophagitis diagnosed? - Answer-Endoscopy
,What are esophageal varices? - Answer-Engorged veins at the distal end of the
esophagus
What often causes esophageal varcies? - Answer-Portal vein hypertension
What signs will a patient with esophageal varices present with? - Answer-They will
present with signs of liver dysfunction such as jaundice and nausea
How are esophageal varices diagnosed? - Answer-Ultrasound, MRI, and CT scan
How are esophageal varices treated? - Answer-Prevent rupture, immediate surgery for
ruptured varices, and esophageal tamponade
Why can esophageal varices be dangerous? - Answer-They can rupture, causing
massive hemorrhaging
What causes esophagitis? - Answer-Irritation of mucus due to stomach acid, chemicals,
vomiting, and irritating medications
What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome? - Answer-A tear in the lower esophagus, often due to
severe vomiting or coughing
Esophageal varices are often associated with ____ failure - Answer-Liver
True or false? If false, why?
Esophageal varices are often caused by portal vein hypotension, when the portal vein
backs up into the esophageal veins - Answer-False! Portal vein hypertension causes it
What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? - Answer-Regurgitation of stomach
acid into the esophagus due to a problem with the lower esophageal sphincter
What is gastroparesis? - Answer-Delayed stomach emptying
What is Barrett's esophagus? - Answer-When esophageal cells change to be
precancerous due to irritation from reflux
What is metaplasia? - Answer-A change in cell type
True or false? If false, why?
GERD can lead to cell metaplasia, causing the esophageal epithelial cells to transform
into stomach-like columnar cells - Answer-True!
Which of the following is not an effect of GERD?
, A. Gastroparesis
B. Esophageal varices
C. Metaplasia of cells
D. Barrett's esophagus - Answer-B. Esophageal varices
What are signs and symptoms of GERD? - Answer-Dysphagia, heartburn, epigastric
pain, regurgitation, and dyspepsia (acid indigestion)
How is GERD diagnosed? - Answer-Endoscopy and manometry
How is GERD treated? - Answer-Lifestyle changes, PPIs, antacids, fundoplication,
endoscopic radiofrequency delivery, LINX Reflux Management System (magents)
What is fundoplication? - Answer-An operation to treat GERD in which the fundus is
wrapped around the esophagus
What is a hiatal hernia? - Answer-When the stomach pushes up through an opening in
the diaphragm
What are signs and symptoms of hiatal hernia? - Answer-Dysphagia, esophagic
discomfort, and severe pain while eating
True or false? If false, why?
Hiatal hernia is always asymptomatic. - Answer-False! It can be, but there are
symptoms that are associated with it
How is a hiatal hernia diagnosed? - Answer-Endoscopy
How are hiatal hernias treated? - Answer-PPIs, histamine-2 blockers, and surgery
What is acute gastritis? - Answer-Inflammation of the stomach lining
What causes acute gastritis? - Answer-Infection, acute stress, bile reflux, alcohol abuse,
and medications such as aspirin, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids
How is acute gastritis diagnosed? - Answer-Endoscopy
How is acute gastritis treated? - Answer-Remove causative agents, PPIs, and
histamine-2 receptors antagonists
What are symptoms of acute gastritis? - Answer-Heartburn and epigastric pain
What is chronic gastritis? - Answer-Chronic inflammation and erosion of the stomach
mucosa due to H. pylori
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