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Adult Health NR-325 Exam 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+.
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11/4/24, 4:44 AM Adult Health NR-325 Exam 1 Flashcards | QuizletAdult Health NR-325 Exam 1 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
Terms in this set (158)
What is the range of normal blood sugar? 70-100 mg/dL
What is the purpose of giving basal insulin? to regulate blood glucose levels on a consistent basis
Polydipsia
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes? Polyuria
Polyphagia
Why is polyuria seen in diabetes? because your body is trying to get rid of the extra glucose
Why is polydipsia seen in diabetes? because your body thinks its dehydrated from all the urination
polyphagia means super hungry
People with diabetes are super hungry because there is no glucose being let into
Why is polyphagia seen in diabetes?
the cells (which is what is needed to create energy/ATP) This makes the body think
that it needs more glucose
-kussmaul respirations- rapidly blowing off excess CO2
-altered LOC (may seem intoxicated)
What are some signs that a person is -increased potassium (because H+ is going into the cell, forcing potassium out of the
experiencing diabetic keto acidosis? cell)
- the 3 P's
- sweet fruity smelling breath
First give fluids (isotonic- NS 0.9%NaCl)
What would be the first thing you would do
Then, give regular insulin by IV.
for someone who is experiencing DKA?
Then what would you do?
*Note that Regular insulin is the ONLY insulin that can be given by IV
they compensate via their respiratory system (deep, rapid respirations) because
What kind of compensation does the body when they are experiencing DKA they are in metabolic acidosis.
do when someone is experiencing DKA?
why? *This compensation occurs rapidly but, is not extremely effective and a therapeutic
approach is needed to help the problem
What is metformin used for? what is its It is used in diabetes and it decreases hepatic glucose creation and increases insulin
MOA? sensitivity
What should be tried before metformin lifestyle changes
therapy?
What makes insulin? beta cells in the pancreas
honeymoon period lasts 3-12 months after diagnosis
Stage 1 of DM Type I is AKA ____________________
How long does this stage last? It is known as the honeymoon period because only a small amount of insulin is
needed because their are still beta cells creating insulin
They stand for beta cell decline, meaning the more beta cells that are ruined, the
What are the 3 stages of Type I DM for?
less insulin is being produced and then the more insulin is needed via medication.
If an individuals A1C is between 5.7%-6.4% Pre-diabetes because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled diabetes
they are in what category of diabetes?
What does A1C measure? amount of glucose on hemoglobin in the blood
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, 11/4/24, 4:44 AM Adult Health NR-325 Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
What range of 2 Hr GTT (2-hour glucose 140-199 mg/dL because this is elevated but not high enough to be labeled diabetes
tolerance test) is considered pre-diabetic?
What range of intermittent fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL
is pre-diabetic?
A1C- > 6.4
What are the ranges for A1C, fasting blood
FBG- >/= 126 mg/dL
glucose, random blood glucose and 2 Hr
random BG- > 200 mg/dL
GTT for someone with Type II DM?
2 Hr GTT- >/= 200 mg/dL
it tricks the brain because our body cannot process it, which makes you crave more
Why is high fructose corn syrup bad?
sugar and causes weight gain
Alcohol blocks ____________________________ Gluconeogenesis causing low plasma glucose levels
Air into cloudy
When mixing insulins, what is the correct Air into clear
process? Draw up clear
Draw up cloudy
this is the normal amount of insulin you're going to give to a specific patient before
What does basal rate of insulin mean?
meals
units of insulin given on top of basal insulin
What is sliding scale insulin?
Ex: you're always going to be giving basal insulin but you may not always be giving
sliding scale insulin (it depends on their blood glucose reading)
What type of diabetic medication is an sulfonylureas (oral medication) Ex: glimepiride & glipizide
insulin stimulator? Give a couple examples - this medication will not work if all beta cells are destroyed
what is the major side effect of hypoglycemia because a lot of insulin has been produced
sulfonylureas?
What diabetic medication class decreases Biguanides Ex: metformin
liver production of glucose and increases
insulin sensitivity?
What is a common side effect of diarrhea
metformin?
How long must metformin be withheld 48 hours before and 48 hours after
before someone gets contrast dye? How
long after?
How does the oral antidiabetic medication it increases insulin sensitivity allowing glucose into the cells
thiazolidinediones work?
If someone has sweet urine (lots of glucose UTI and infection
in the urine) what are they at risk for?
When should you re-check blood sugars Whenever the peak of that insulin is supposed to occur or if they didn't eat their
after insulin has been administered? whole meal/threw up their food to check for hypoglycemia
What blood glucose level is considered < 70 mg/dL
hypoglycemia?
- do not go more that 2 days without exercising
What are some teaching considerations for
- BG levels need to be > 100 mg/dL because exercise can cause hypoglycemia
a diabetic patient when concerning
- do not exercise when your insulin is peaking
exercise?
-increases HDLs (good cholesterol) which decreases risk of heart disease
it is a hormone drug given for LOW blood sugar and is available for home use as a
What is glucagon given for?
prefilled syringe for IM injection
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