Summary

Summary A Level Psychology - Attachment

0 purchase

Course
Attachment

Institution
AQA

Book
AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1 & AS - Student Book

The attachment notes consist of all the key studies, detailed information of the topics in attachment, in addition the A03 sections have sentence starters so that you can complete them and enhance your knowledge and you can structure them in whatever format you prefer.

[Show more]

Last document update: 3 months ago

Preview 6 out of 51 pages

View example

Summarized whole book? Yes
Uploaded on November 3, 2024
File latest updated on November 3, 2024
Number of pages 51
Written in 2024/2025
Type Summary

attachment notes
aqa
summary

Book Title:AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1 & AS - Student Book

Author(s):Rob Liddle, Cara Flanagan

Edition:Unknown
ISBN:9781398379053
Edition:Unknown

Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
AQA
Subject
Psychology
Unit
Attachment

$4.57

Add to cart

Save

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Attachment
Work Booklet

Name:

Attachment is assessed in paper 1, section C.

The specification requires knowledge and understanding on the following:

1

, ● Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Stages of attachment
identified by Schaffer. Multiple attachments and the role of the father.
● Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow.
● Explanations of attachment: learning theory and Bowlby’s monotropic theory. The concepts of a critical
period and an internal working model.
● Ainsworth’s ‘Strange Situation’. Types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant.
Cultural variations in attachment, including van Ijzendoorn.
● Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation. Romanian orphan studies: effects of institutionalisation.
● The influence of early attachment on childhood and adult relationships, including the role of an internal
working model.

Topics Can do?

Definition of attachment
● Reciprocity
● Interactional synchrony

Development of attachment
● Schaffer and Emerson (1964) describe and evaluate
● Stages of attachment
● Role of the father

Animal studies of attachment
● Lorenz (imprinting)
● Harlow
Describe and evaluate both studies, linking them to attachment

Explanations of attachment
● Learning approach explanation of attachment: describe and evaluate
● Bowlby's evolutionary theory of attachment describe and evaluate

The Strange Situation (Ainsworth, 1978) - describe and evaluate

Types of attachment secure, insecure avoidant/resistant

Cross-cultural variations in attachment - Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Disruption of attachment
● Maternal deprivation hypothesis
● Effects of institutionalisation - Romanian orphans: Rutter and Zeanah et al.
(2005)

Influence of early attachment – Internal working Model, Relationships
● Internal Working Model (IWM)
● Relationships in later childhood
● Romantic relationships in adulthood - Hazan and Shaver (describe and
evaluate)
● Relationships in adulthood – as parents

I can… Have Understand Revised

2

, notes on

Development of attachments

Define the term attachment

Outline caregiver-infant interactions

Describe and evaluate research into caregiver-infant
interactions

Describe and evaluate the stages of attachment

Evaluate the stages of attachment

Outline the role of different attachment figures including the
fathers

Evaluate the role of different attachment figures including the
father

Animal studies in attachments

Outline Lorenz’s study into animal attachments

Evaluate Lorenz’s study into animal attachments

Outline Harlow’s study into animal attachments

Evaluate Harlow's study into animal attachments

Theories of attachment

Describe learning theory as an explanation of attachments

Evaluate learning theory as an explanation of attachments

Describe Bowlby’s monotropic theory as an explanation of
attachment

Evaluate Bowlby's monotropic theory as an explanation of
attachment

3

, Types of attachment and cultural variations

Identify the characteristics of the three attachment types

Describe Ainsworth’s research into attachment types

Evaluate Ainsworth's research into attachment types

Explain how attachment can vary across cultures due to
upbringing

Describe research into cultural variations of attachments

Evaluate research into cultural variations of attachments `

Privation / Deprivation

Describe the theory of maternal deprivation

Evaluate the theory of maternal deprivation

Describe research and evaluate into the theory of maternal
deprivation

Define the term institutionalisation

Outline Romanian orphan studies into institutionalisation

Evaluate Romanian orphan studies into institutionalisation

Describe the effects of institutionalisation

The influence of attachments on future relationships

Define the internal-working model

Outline research into the influence of early attachment on
future relationships (later childhood, adulthood, as parents)

Evaluate research into the influence of early attachment on
future relationships

4

, Section 1: Introduction to Attachment

Define attachment Attachment theory:

An emotional bond between two people
usually a primary caregiver and a child. The
relationship is usually reciprocal which
means it is a two-way relationship that
endures overtime.

What are the three behaviours of 1. People try to stop physically close to
attachment? their attachment figure

1. Proximity 2. People show signs of anxiety when
2. Separation distress an attachment figure leaves their
3. Secure base behaviour presence

3. Even when we are independent of our
attachment figures we tend to make
regular contact with them. Babies
display secure base behaviour when
they regularly return to their attachment
figure while playing.

5

, Caregiver-infant Interactions

From an early age, children (should) have meaningful social interactions with their carers.
Psychologists believe that these interactions have important functions for the child's social
development. In particular, good quality early social interactions are associated with the
successful development of attachments between caregivers and infants.

● Human babies are altricial, which means they are born at a relatively early stage of
development
● Infants form bonds with adults who protect and nurture them
● Humans are different to precocial animals who are born at advanced stages of
development. E.g. foals are able to walk and run soon after birth

● Short-term benefits - survival
● Long-term benefits - emotional relationships. It is believed that this first relationship
acts as a template for later relationships

This communication between caregiver and infant is primarily non-verbal. Through this,
each member responds to the other, determining the formation of an attachment. So, the
more sensitive each is to the others’ signals, the deeper the relationship.

Define reciprocity

Each person to another elicits a response
from them
● Alert phases
 Smiling
 Turn talking
 Conversation but the baby can’t really
talk ● Active involvement

Define interactional synchrony

Two people are said to be synchronised
when they carry out the same action
simultaneously ● Synchrony begins

 Babies imitate their care giver

● Importance for attachment

6

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller serenaserenao. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $4.57. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64405 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling

Summary

Summary A Level Psychology - Attachment

Document information

Subjects

Connected book

Written for

Seller

Content preview