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Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 GI 127 Approved answers correct.

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Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 GI 127
Approved answers correct.
Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 GI 127
Approved answers correct.
Enteric Plexus - ANSWER-Intrinsic nerves are located solely within the GI tract and are
controlled by local and autonomic nervous system stimuli through the enteric plexus,
which comprises 3 nerve plexuses located in different layers of the GI walls.
-these enteric nerve circuits regulate motility reflexes, blood flow, absorption, secretions,
and immune responses.

Submucosal Plexus - ANSWER-Meissner plexus. Intrinsic nerve located soley in the GI
tract and is controlled by the ANS. Located in the muscularis mucosae

Myenteric Plexus - ANSWER-Auerback plexus. Intrinsic nerve located soley in the GI
tract and is controlled by the ANS. Located b/w the inner circular and outer longitudinal
muscle layers (tunica muscularis).

Subserosal Plexus - ANSWER-Located just beneath the serosa. Intrinsic nerve located
soley in the GI tract and is controlled by the ANS.

Upper esopagheal sphincter - ANSWER-(cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air
into the esophagus during respiration.

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) - ANSWER-(cardiac sphincter) prevents
regurgitation from the stomach; located near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the
diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the stomach.

Peritoneal cavity - ANSWER-Space b/w the visceral peritoneum and parietal
perioteneum; normally contains just enough fluid to lubricate the 2 layers and prevent
friction during organ movement.

Dumping Syndrome - ANSWER-The rapid emptying off hypertonic chime from the
surgically created, residual stomach into the small intestine 10 to 20 minutes after
eating (early dumping syndrome).

Saliva - ANSWER-Secreted in the mouth. Consists mostly of water that contains varying
amounts of mucus; sodium; bicarbonate; chloride; potassium; and salivary alpha-
amylase (ptyalin).

Ptyalin - ANSWER-An enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth and
stomach.

, Pathophysiology NU545 Unit 6 GI 127
Approved answers correct.
Saliva - ANSWER-The bicarbonate concentration sustains a pH of about 7.4, which
neutralizes bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay.

Viral Hepatitis - ANSWER-A relatively common systemic disease that affects primarily
the liver.

Fulminant hepatitis - ANSWER-A clinical syndrome resulting in severe impairment or
necrosis of liver cells and potential liver failure.

Hepatitis G - ANSWER--discovered in the 1990s
-parenterally and sexually transmitted
-may decrease HIV viral load, increase CD4+T cell levels, and slow down HIV disease
progression
-NO association with hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis E - ANSWER--transmitted by the fecal-oral route or by contaminated water
-found in developed countries and must be differentiated from drug-induced liver injury
-animal reservoirs of HEV include: domestic pigs, wild boars, and deer
-more prevalent among adults and has the highest mortality rate among pregnant
women
-no vaccine for HEV but in progress

Hepatitis D - ANSWER--the delta virus depends on HBV for its replication because the
coat of the delta virus consists of HBsAg molecules that are on the surface of HBV
-shown to suppress replication of HBV
-parenteral drug users have high incidence of HDV
-clinical course is similar to hep. A and B (although sometimes more severe)
-treatment for chronic HDV may best be treated with antiviral drugs.

Hepatitis C - ANSWER--previously known as non-A, non-B hepatitis--a parenterally
transmitted flavivirus with 6 genotypes--40% of cases involve IV drug users (with high
incidence of HIV)--co-infection with HBV is prevalent--most common cause of chronic
liver disease
-the variants of HCV make vaccine development difficult and resistance to drug therapy
is common--persistent infection with recurring acute symptoms and elevated amino-
transferase levels represent clinical presentation--half of infected individuals have a viral
response to treatment.

Intrinsic Factor - ANSWER-Secreted by mucosa of stomach-parietal cells of stomach
(oxyntic cells). Is necessary for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

Gastroferrin - ANSWER-Secreted by mucosa of stomach-parietal cells (oxyntic cells).
Facilitates small intestinal absorption of iron.

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