Comparative Effectiveness Research - ANSWER ✔ Research evidence generated
from studies comparing drugs, medical devices, tests, or ways to deliver health
care
Dashboard - ANSWER ✔ Visual representation of data to enable review, analysis,
and tracking of data trends
Disease management - ANSWER ✔ Organized process focusing on patient's
disease as target of interest, with improvements in outcomes seen as a result of
attention to attributes or characteristics of disease
Outcomes management - ANSWER ✔ Implementation of interventions to achieve
a desired effect
Effectiveness - ANSWER ✔ Extent to which interventions or actions taken in
clinical settings perform as desired with defined populations
Efficiency - ANSWER ✔ Effects achieved by some intervention in relation to
effort expended in terms of money, resources, time
Evidence-based practice - ANSWER ✔ Integration of research findings (evidence)
into clinical decision making and care delivery processes; Best evidence: Derived
from methodologically sound research that is theory-derived, consistent with
patient needs and preferences, and clinically relevant; Practice guidelines:
Systematically developed recommendations or strategies to assist health care
decision making
,Impact measurement - ANSWER ✔ Analysis of difference in targeted outcome
measure and growth of practice systems resulting from use of outcomes
management process
Metric (measures, indicators) - ANSWER ✔ Define parameters for structure,
process, or outcome depending on their level
Outcome - ANSWER ✔ Results of an intervention; changes in the recipient of an
intervention; May be intended or unintended and reflect positive or untoward
results such as complications
Outcome(s) assessment - ANSWER ✔ Evaluation of the observed results of some
action or intervention for recipients of services
Outcome indicators, metrics or measures - ANSWER ✔ Results of interventions,
including use of new structures or processes on service recipients; Measures should
be clearly defined to ensure validity and reliability
Intermediate outcome indicators - ANSWER ✔ Surrogate measure that are
theoretically similar and measured proximal to a definitive target outcome
Outcome(s) management - ANSWER ✔ Enhancement of outcomes, through
development, implementation, and ongoing study of impact of interventions,
actions, or process changes
Outcome(s) measurement - ANSWER ✔ Collection, analysis and reporting of
reliable and valid outcome indicators
Outcome(s) research or patient-centered outcomes (PCOR) - ANSWER ✔ Use of
scientific method to measure the result of interventions on targeted patient health
outcomes; Target examination of aggregate results in relation to changes in
structure and processes
Performance (process) improvement - ANSWER ✔ Activities designed to
increase the quality of services provided; primary attention on the interventions
delivered; CQI is subsumed within PI
, Performance evaluation (assessment) - ANSWER ✔ Assessment of individual
achievement and attainment of personal, professional, and organizational goals
Process indicator/measure - ANSWER ✔ Measure of visible behavior or action
undertaken by care provider to deliver care
Program evaluation - ANSWER ✔ Assessment of quality and structure and
processes within system of care designed to serve specific patient population
Proxy indicators - ANSWER ✔ Indirect measure of some anticipated outcome that
is used when a direct measure cannot be obtained or when an accurate indicator
has not been identified
Quality of care - ANSWER ✔ Degree to which health services for individuals and
populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent
with professional knowledge; A dimension of process and structure of care, not an
outcome
Risk and severity adjustment - ANSWER ✔ Process used to standardize groups
according to characteristics that might unduly influence an outcome; aim to level
the field among all patients in a sample so outcomes may be more accurately
measured
Standards - ANSWER ✔ Profession's authoritative statements that describe
responsibilities of its practitioners
Structural indicators - ANSWER ✔ Measures of human, technical, and other
resources used in process of delivering care
Four-Point GRADE scale - ANSWER ✔ Grading of Recommendations,
Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Used to evaluate quality of evidence
for clinical practice.
1. High evidence: benefits clearly outweigh potential for harm
2. Moderate evidence: benefits of treatment must be carefully weighed against
potential adverse effects.
3. Low evidence: balance between benefits and harm cannot be clearly
distinguished based on best available practice.
4. Very low evidence: best available evidence suggests intervention will likely
produce more harm than benefit.
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