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ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security Essentials Exam Prep
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ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security Essentials Exam Prep Section 1: Basics of ICS/SCADA 1. Question: What does ICS stand for? o Answer: Industrial Control Systems. 2. Question: What is the primary purpose of a SCADA system? o Answer: To monitor and control industrial processes in real-time. 3. Questio...

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  • November 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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ICS410: ICS/SCADA Security Essentials
Exam Prep
Section 1: Basics of ICS/SCADA

1. Question: What does ICS stand for?

o Answer: Industrial Control Systems.

2. Question: What is the primary purpose of a SCADA system?

o Answer: To monitor and control industrial processes in real-time.

3. Question: Name three core components of a SCADA system.

o Answer: Human-Machine Interface (HMI), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs),
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).

4. Question: How do SCADA systems typically communicate with field devices?

o Answer: Using communication protocols such as Modbus, DNP3, or OPC.

5. Question: What is the difference between SCADA and Distributed Control Systems (DCS)?

o Answer: SCADA is used for long-distance monitoring and control, while DCS is used
for local control within a facility.

6. Question: Define “supervisory control” in SCADA.

o Answer: The ability to monitor and control field devices remotely via a centralized
system.

7. Question: What is the role of an HMI in a SCADA system?

o Answer: To provide a graphical interface for operators to interact with the control
system.

8. Question: What does an RTU do?

o Answer: It collects data from sensors and sends it to the SCADA system.

9. Question: What is a PLC?

o Answer: A Programmable Logic Controller used for automating control of
machinery.

10. Question: Describe telemetry in the context of SCADA.

o Answer: The process of transmitting data from remote sensors to a central
monitoring system.

11. Question: What are control loops in ICS?

o Answer: Systems that regulate processes by measuring and adjusting variables to
maintain setpoints.

, 12. Question: What is a typical application of SCADA systems?

o Answer: Water treatment facilities, power generation, and oil and gas distribution.

13. Question: Define “field device” in an ICS context.

o Answer: Any sensor or actuator located in the field that interacts with the physical
process.

14. Question: What is a communication protocol?

o Answer: A set of rules governing data transmission between devices.

15. Question: What is the function of a data historian in SCADA?

o Answer: To store and retrieve time-series data from industrial processes for
analysis.

Section 2: Security Threats and Vulnerabilities

16. Question: What is a common cyber threat to ICS/SCADA systems?

o Answer: Malware attacks, including ransomware.

17. Question: Define “air gap” as it relates to ICS security.

o Answer: A security measure that isolates a network from other networks to prevent
unauthorized access.

18. Question: What is a zero-day vulnerability?

o Answer: A security flaw that is unknown to the vendor and has no available patch.

19. Question: What is social engineering?

o Answer: Manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information.

20. Question: How can insider threats impact ICS security?

o Answer: Employees may intentionally or unintentionally compromise security.

21. Question: What is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack?

o Answer: An attack that makes a system or network unavailable by overwhelming it
with traffic.

22. Question: What role do unpatched vulnerabilities play in ICS security?

o Answer: They can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access.

23. Question: What is a common method of data exfiltration in ICS attacks?

o Answer: Transmitting sensitive data out of the network, often via malware.

24. Question: What is the significance of default passwords in ICS devices?

o Answer: Default passwords are often well-known and can be easily exploited by
attackers.

25. Question: Describe the implications of using weak encryption in ICS communications.

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