NCSU NTR 401 Final Exam Questions
with Complete Answers
"Reference height and weight"
relative to nutrient intake refers to: - Answer-average heigh of the US male and female
populations and the associated weight for the midpoint of the healthy range of BMI
Diverse populations around the world consume sodium at levels greater than the Upper
Tolerable Intake Level set in the DRIs. One explanation for this "sodium appetite" is that
humans choose a sodium intake that does not trigger an excessive secretion of the
hormone ________ - Answer-renin
Biological scientists study the regulation of food intake in terms of the gut-brain and
adipose-brain hormonal axis. In contrast, nutritionists who take a more holistic view of
human ecology frequently refer to _______, which can include the concept of _______
to explain the current prevalence of obesity. - Answer-the socioecological model,
neuroeconomics
The DRI value that is most likely to be applicable to 100% of the population, i.e. not be
established as a percentage of the normal distribution is - Answer-UL
The segment of the gastrointestinal tract that has the greatest amount of active
transport in nutrients - Answer-duodenum
Which of the following components does NOT have an important role in the breakdown
and absorption of fast in the intestine? - Answer-pepsin
The dietary component that is the precursor of monoacylglyceride and 2 molecules of
free fatty acid in the gut is called - Answer-triacylglycerol
According to the Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intake guidelines, a
nutritionist using the RDA to plan meals for a population must take into account several
sources of variation that allow calculation of the percentage of the population that would
meet their requirements. Among the following, the LEAST IMPORTANT source of
uncertainty would be: - Answer-organic foods have different nutrient content than
conventionally grown foods, as is usually noted on the labels or in the nutrient database
The best way to change the dietary intake of a population for a given nutrient is to: -
Answer-educated people about food choices or modify the nutrient profile of foods most
commonly eaten
Which factors were LEAST likely to be considered important in determining the age and
gender categories for Dietary Reference Intakes? - Answer-different racial and ethnic
groups may have different nutrient requirements
,"Zymogen" can be defined as: - Answer-Protein that can become an active enzyme
through proteolysis at a location outside the cells where it is synthesized
The absorptive epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract are called" - Answer-
enterocytes
The hormonal feedback loop between the last segment of the small intestine and the
pyloric sphincter, involving substance GLP-1, is referred to as an "ideal brake." The
outcome of this process is that an increase in GLP-1: - Answer-decreases flow of
chyme to the ileum
All of the following factors stimulate or increase thirst EXCEPT: - Answer-increased
blood volume presumably detected by cardiac stretch receptors
Given that we regulate the amount of food we consume to maintain energy balance,
what is the principal way we can be sure we have adequate intake of vitamins and
minerals? - Answer-learn to consume a variety of nutrient dense foods
One important change to the Food and Drug Administration's definition of dietary fiber
taking effect in 2018-2019 is - Answer-FDA defines or approves the chemical structures
that can be included on the nutrition facts label as functional fiber
The "Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range" is: - Answer-the percentage of daily
calories from each energy source that provides a reduced risk for chronic diesease
A substance that is needed in a metabolic reaction or a tissue structure that cannot be
synthesized in humans is generally referred to as - Answer-indispensable nutrient
UL refers to which of the following statements? - Answer-"Tolerable Upper Intake Limit"
is a nutrient intake above which the risk for harm begins to increase
Fermentation of soluble dietary fiber by colonic bacteria produce ALL of the following
metabolites that can be used by the host metabolism EXCEPT - Answer-ascorbic acid
When we compare the physiological mechanisms for absorption of calcium and zinc, we
find: increase in synthesis of a specific calcium-binding cytosolic protein (Calbindin-D)
_______ calcium absorption, and synthesis of a specific zinc-binding cytosolic protein
(metallothionein) _____ zinc absorption. - Answer-increases, decreases
The gut microbiome has been described as "another organ in the body". Which of the
following statements does NOT describe a potential impact of the gut microbiota on
nutrition or nutrition research? - Answer-The bacterial protein derived from the foods we
pass to gut microorganisms is actually the principle source of protein for both humans
and rodent models
, The brain initiates or reduces food-seeking behavior by integrating various signals,
including all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer-vitamin storage in the liver
The process of digestion serves all of the following functions EXCEPT: - Answer-moves
food components from the gut into the bloodstream
as soon as food is eaten, the hormone, gastrin, - Answer-Stimulates hydrochloric acid
secretion by the stomach's parietal cells.
ALL of the following are considered to be exocrine glands associated with the
gastrointestinal tract EXCE:T: - Answer-thyroid glands
An enzyme that breaks the alpha 1-4 bonds of straight chain glucose polymers is -
Answer-amylase
A transport enzyme that couples the sodium gradient from the gut lumen to the inside of
the enterocytes to the uptake of a monosaccharide is - Answer-SGLT-1
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of an essential nutrient - Answer-
must be taken as a supplement to a normal diet
Which one of the following statements is not correct about dietary reference intakes
(DRI)? - Answer-DRI aims to formulate each individuals diet
Which one of the following systems has LEAST impact on regulating food intake -
Answer-skeletal system
Which one of the following peptides is not considered to be a satiety-generating
hormone? - Answer-glucagon
For which mineral nutrient does the Daily Value (DV) on a food label address the UL
rather than the RDA? - Answer-sodium
Which one of the following is NOT an accessory organ to the gastrointestinal tract? -
Answer-kidney
A general "quest" of nutrition science can be defined as..... - Answer-creating the
optimum concentration of all needed nutrients in cells and tissues throughout the bodies
of humans
The most common digestive disorder in most populations of the world results from a
deficient synthesis of the enzyme - Answer-Lactase
Hormone produced in the stomach that signals hunger so as to elicit food seeking
behavior - Answer-ghrelin
with Complete Answers
"Reference height and weight"
relative to nutrient intake refers to: - Answer-average heigh of the US male and female
populations and the associated weight for the midpoint of the healthy range of BMI
Diverse populations around the world consume sodium at levels greater than the Upper
Tolerable Intake Level set in the DRIs. One explanation for this "sodium appetite" is that
humans choose a sodium intake that does not trigger an excessive secretion of the
hormone ________ - Answer-renin
Biological scientists study the regulation of food intake in terms of the gut-brain and
adipose-brain hormonal axis. In contrast, nutritionists who take a more holistic view of
human ecology frequently refer to _______, which can include the concept of _______
to explain the current prevalence of obesity. - Answer-the socioecological model,
neuroeconomics
The DRI value that is most likely to be applicable to 100% of the population, i.e. not be
established as a percentage of the normal distribution is - Answer-UL
The segment of the gastrointestinal tract that has the greatest amount of active
transport in nutrients - Answer-duodenum
Which of the following components does NOT have an important role in the breakdown
and absorption of fast in the intestine? - Answer-pepsin
The dietary component that is the precursor of monoacylglyceride and 2 molecules of
free fatty acid in the gut is called - Answer-triacylglycerol
According to the Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intake guidelines, a
nutritionist using the RDA to plan meals for a population must take into account several
sources of variation that allow calculation of the percentage of the population that would
meet their requirements. Among the following, the LEAST IMPORTANT source of
uncertainty would be: - Answer-organic foods have different nutrient content than
conventionally grown foods, as is usually noted on the labels or in the nutrient database
The best way to change the dietary intake of a population for a given nutrient is to: -
Answer-educated people about food choices or modify the nutrient profile of foods most
commonly eaten
Which factors were LEAST likely to be considered important in determining the age and
gender categories for Dietary Reference Intakes? - Answer-different racial and ethnic
groups may have different nutrient requirements
,"Zymogen" can be defined as: - Answer-Protein that can become an active enzyme
through proteolysis at a location outside the cells where it is synthesized
The absorptive epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract are called" - Answer-
enterocytes
The hormonal feedback loop between the last segment of the small intestine and the
pyloric sphincter, involving substance GLP-1, is referred to as an "ideal brake." The
outcome of this process is that an increase in GLP-1: - Answer-decreases flow of
chyme to the ileum
All of the following factors stimulate or increase thirst EXCEPT: - Answer-increased
blood volume presumably detected by cardiac stretch receptors
Given that we regulate the amount of food we consume to maintain energy balance,
what is the principal way we can be sure we have adequate intake of vitamins and
minerals? - Answer-learn to consume a variety of nutrient dense foods
One important change to the Food and Drug Administration's definition of dietary fiber
taking effect in 2018-2019 is - Answer-FDA defines or approves the chemical structures
that can be included on the nutrition facts label as functional fiber
The "Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range" is: - Answer-the percentage of daily
calories from each energy source that provides a reduced risk for chronic diesease
A substance that is needed in a metabolic reaction or a tissue structure that cannot be
synthesized in humans is generally referred to as - Answer-indispensable nutrient
UL refers to which of the following statements? - Answer-"Tolerable Upper Intake Limit"
is a nutrient intake above which the risk for harm begins to increase
Fermentation of soluble dietary fiber by colonic bacteria produce ALL of the following
metabolites that can be used by the host metabolism EXCEPT - Answer-ascorbic acid
When we compare the physiological mechanisms for absorption of calcium and zinc, we
find: increase in synthesis of a specific calcium-binding cytosolic protein (Calbindin-D)
_______ calcium absorption, and synthesis of a specific zinc-binding cytosolic protein
(metallothionein) _____ zinc absorption. - Answer-increases, decreases
The gut microbiome has been described as "another organ in the body". Which of the
following statements does NOT describe a potential impact of the gut microbiota on
nutrition or nutrition research? - Answer-The bacterial protein derived from the foods we
pass to gut microorganisms is actually the principle source of protein for both humans
and rodent models
, The brain initiates or reduces food-seeking behavior by integrating various signals,
including all of the following EXCEPT: - Answer-vitamin storage in the liver
The process of digestion serves all of the following functions EXCEPT: - Answer-moves
food components from the gut into the bloodstream
as soon as food is eaten, the hormone, gastrin, - Answer-Stimulates hydrochloric acid
secretion by the stomach's parietal cells.
ALL of the following are considered to be exocrine glands associated with the
gastrointestinal tract EXCE:T: - Answer-thyroid glands
An enzyme that breaks the alpha 1-4 bonds of straight chain glucose polymers is -
Answer-amylase
A transport enzyme that couples the sodium gradient from the gut lumen to the inside of
the enterocytes to the uptake of a monosaccharide is - Answer-SGLT-1
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of an essential nutrient - Answer-
must be taken as a supplement to a normal diet
Which one of the following statements is not correct about dietary reference intakes
(DRI)? - Answer-DRI aims to formulate each individuals diet
Which one of the following systems has LEAST impact on regulating food intake -
Answer-skeletal system
Which one of the following peptides is not considered to be a satiety-generating
hormone? - Answer-glucagon
For which mineral nutrient does the Daily Value (DV) on a food label address the UL
rather than the RDA? - Answer-sodium
Which one of the following is NOT an accessory organ to the gastrointestinal tract? -
Answer-kidney
A general "quest" of nutrition science can be defined as..... - Answer-creating the
optimum concentration of all needed nutrients in cells and tissues throughout the bodies
of humans
The most common digestive disorder in most populations of the world results from a
deficient synthesis of the enzyme - Answer-Lactase
Hormone produced in the stomach that signals hunger so as to elicit food seeking
behavior - Answer-ghrelin
