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Nu570 Midterm Review Questions and Answers Latest Version | 2024/2025 | Already Passed What changes occur in the respiratory system with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? COPD leads to chronic inflammation, airway narrowing, and alveolar destruction, impairing gas exchange. ...

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  • November 4, 2024
  • 22
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Nu570 Midterm Review Questions and
Answers Latest Version | 2024/2025 |
Already Passed
What changes occur in the respiratory system with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD)?


✔✔ COPD leads to chronic inflammation, airway narrowing, and alveolar destruction, impairing

gas exchange.




Describe the relationship between insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.


✔✔ Insulin resistance makes cells less responsive to insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels

and eventual beta-cell dysfunction.




How does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) contribute to hypertension?


✔✔ RAAS increases blood pressure by promoting sodium retention, fluid retention, and

vasoconstriction.




What are the primary goals when managing a patient with chronic heart failure?


✔✔ Improve cardiac output, reduce symptoms, prevent fluid overload, and minimize hospital

admissions.

1

,How does chronic kidney disease (CKD) affect electrolyte balance?


✔✔ CKD disrupts electrolyte regulation, often resulting in hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis,

and fluid retention.




What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?


✔✔ ACE inhibitors may cause a persistent cough, hyperkalemia, low blood pressure, and, in rare

cases, angioedema.




Explain how beta-blockers are beneficial in treating hypertension and angina.


✔✔ Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and contractility, lowering blood pressure and myocardial

oxygen demand, which relieves angina.




How does aging impact drug metabolism in elderly patients?


✔✔ Age-related declines in liver and kidney function slow drug metabolism and excretion,

increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions.




What symptoms distinguish right-sided from left-sided heart failure?




2

, ✔✔ Right-sided heart failure often presents with peripheral edema and abdominal bloating,

while left-sided heart failure involves shortness of breath and fluid in the lungs.




Describe the physiological effects of long-term hyperglycemia on the cardiovascular system.


✔✔ Chronic high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels, increase plaque buildup, and elevate

the risk of cardiovascular diseases.




What nursing interventions help reduce the risk of polypharmacy in elderly patients?


✔✔ Regular medication reviews, monitoring for adverse effects, and simplifying medication

regimens help reduce polypharmacy risks.




How does inflammation contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?


✔✔ Chronic inflammation damages the endothelial lining of arteries, leading to plaque

formation and narrowing of the blood vessels.




Why is tight blood glucose control critical in diabetes management?


✔✔ Maintaining stable blood glucose levels helps prevent long-term complications like

neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.




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