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PHMY 610 ANAEROBES - GRAM POS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PHMY 610 ANAEROBES - GRAM POS EXAM QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
what is the most common nosocomial bacteria
Clostridioides difficile
how does C. diff infection occur
the person on antibiotics and comes in contact with the spore
what shape is C. diff
rod-shaped
what does C. diff form to spread
spores
in what sex is C. diff infection more common in
women
what are the possible reasons for the increased incidence of C. diff infections
o Overuse of antibiotics (community and inpatient)
o Emergence of more fit/virulent and capable strains
o Growing elderly population (decreased immune system)
o Promotion of alcohol-based waterless hand sanitisers --> Spores not killed by
this
T/F: hand sanitiser kills C. diff spores
false
is C. diff gram positive or negative
gram-positive
is C. diff an anaerobe or aerobe
anaerobe
what are two virulence factors of C. difficile
, toxins - A & B
pathogenicity locus
what is C. diff toxin A aka? what about toxin B
toxin A- enterotoxin
toxin B- cytotoxin
what is the pathogenicity locus (C. diff)
where all the genes for the toxins are located
what are the genes primarily responsible for encoding for toxins A and B with
C. diff
TcdA and TcdB
what does TcdC allow C. diff bacteria to do
allows bacteria to turn off toxin excretion to conserve energy
What is the BI/NAP1/027 strain?
epidemic C. diff strain that showed increased virulence
what virulence factor was upregulated with BI/NAP1/027 strain of C. diff?
produced 16-23x more toxin A and B
how did BI/NAP1/027 strain of C diff produce so much more of toxins A and B
TcdC deletion - nothing to turn off the excretion of toxins
what is the clinical presentation of C. difficile
- acute
- watery diarrhea
- leukocytosis
- abdominal cramping
what are some complications of C. diff infections
Pseudomembranous colitis / Colonic damage
what are general risk factors for C. diff associated diarrhea (CDAD)
antibiotic exposure, PPI exposure, poor infection control
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