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MBG 2040 midterm review Study Guide Solutions

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MBG 2040 midterm review Study Guide Solutions Gene - ANSWER-fundamental unit of heredity Alleles - ANSWER-Different forms of a gene Chromosomes - ANSWER-where genes are located Locus - ANSWER-specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele Null/Amorphic Alleles (recessive mutation) - ANS...

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  • November 4, 2024
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KaylinHoffman
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MBG 2040 midterm review Study Guide

Solutions


Gene - ANSWER✔✔-fundamental unit of heredity


Alleles - ANSWER✔✔-Different forms of a gene


Chromosomes - ANSWER✔✔-where genes are located


Locus - ANSWER✔✔-specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele


Null/Amorphic Alleles (recessive mutation) - ANSWER✔✔-A nonfunctional protein is produced or no

protein is produced.


Hypomorphic alleles (recessive mutation) - ANSWER✔✔-A poorly functioning protein is produced OR

reduced amounts of a normally functioning protein is produced


Dominant Hypermorphic Alleles (Dominant mutation) - ANSWER✔✔-(1) over-production of a normal

protein OR


(2) production of a protein with increased activity levels.


neomorphic allele (Dominant mutation) - ANSWER✔✔-produce an altered protein with a new function

OR an altered protein interferes with the wildtype


Mitosis and meiosis II purpose - ANSWER✔✔-separate sister chromatids


Meiosis I purpose - ANSWER✔✔-separates homologous chromosomes



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2 laws in meiosis - ANSWER✔✔-1. law of independent assortment


2. law of segregation


A blood type allele transferase - ANSWER✔✔-acetylgalactosamine


B blood type allele transferase - ANSWER✔✔-galactose


O blood type allele transferase - ANSWER✔✔-non-functional


Loss of function allele - ANSWER✔✔-a protein is no longer produced, is produced at lower levels, or is

nonfunctional


Haplosufficiency - ANSWER✔✔-wildtype allele is dominant over loss of function allele, and half as much

protein is needed/produced to achieve the wildtype


Gain of function mutations - ANSWER✔✔-mutant allele produces a protein that has increased

detrimental function


haploinsufficient - ANSWER✔✔-the half amount of protein synthesized in a heterozygote is not sufficient

for a normal phenotype


recessive lethal allele - ANSWER✔✔-dominant homozygotes die (dominant in colour, recessive in

lethiality)


dominant lethal allele - ANSWER✔✔-heterozygote and homozygote dominant both show affects


Penetrance (variation in population) - ANSWER✔✔-proportion of individuals having a particular

genotype that express the expected phenotype




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