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Medical Laboratory Science Review- Harr – Immunology Exam Practice Questions and Answers
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Medical Laboratory Science Review- Harr – Immunology Exam Practice Questions and Answers From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation: A. Lysozyme B. Complement C. Commensal organisms D. Immunoglobulin ...

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  • November 4, 2024
  • 119
  • 2024/2025
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Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024




Medical Laboratory Science Review- Harr

– Immunology Exam Practice Questions

and Answers


From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in

response to antigenic stimulation:


A. Lysozyme


B. Complement


C. Commensal organisms


D. Immunoglobulin - ANSWER✔✔-D. Immunoglobulin is a specific part of the adaptive immune system

and is formed only in response to a specific antigenic stimulation. Complement, lysozyme, and

commensal organisms all act nonspecifically as a part of the adaptive immune system. These three

components do not require any type of specific antigenic stimulation.


Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells

originate and mature?


A. Thyroid and Peyer's Patch


B. Thymus and bone marrow


C. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)




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D. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct - ANSWER✔✔-B. The bone marrow and thymus are considered

primary lymphoid organs because immunocompetent cells either originate or mature in them. Some

immunocompetent cells mature or reside in the bone marrow (the source of all hematopoietic cells)

until transported to the thymus, spleen, or Peyer's patches, where they process antigen or manufacture

antibody. T lymphocytes, after originating in the bone marrow, travel to the thymus to mature and

differentiate.


What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation?


A. Plasma cells and memory B cells


B. Mature B cells


C. Antigen-dependent B cells


D. Receptor-activated B cells - ANSWER✔✔-A. Mature B cells exhibit surface immunoglobulin that may

cross link a foreign antigen, thus forming the activated B cell and leading to capping and internalization

of antigen. The activated B cell gives rise to plasma cells that produce and secrete immunoglobulins and

memory cells that reside in lymphoid organs.


T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the correct order of the

maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?


A. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic education, released back to peripheral circulation


B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex; migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to

secondary lymphoid organs


C. Storage in either the cortex or medulla; release of T cells into the peripheral circulation




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D. Activation and selection occur in the medulla; mature T cells are stored in the cortex until activated by

antigen - ANSWER✔✔-B. Immature T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus to mature into

functional T cells. Once in the thymus, T cells undergo a selection and maturation sequence that begins

in the cortex and moves to the medulla of the thymus. Thymic factors such as thymosin and

thymopoietin and cells within the thymus such as macrophages and dendritic cells assist in this

sequence. After completion of the maturation cycle, T cells are released to secondary lymphoid organs

to await antigen recognition and activation.


Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker appears during the first stage of T-cell development and

remains present as an identifying marker for T cells?


A. CD 1


B. CD 2


C. CD 3


D. CD 4 or CD 8 - ANSWER✔✔-B. the CD 2 marker appears during the first stage of T-cell development

and can be used to differentiate T cells from other lymphocytes. This T-lymphocyte receptor binds sheep

red blood cells (RBCs). This peculiar characteristic was the basis for the classic E rosette test once used to

enumerate T cells in peripheral blood. CD2 is not specific for T cells, however, and is also found on large

granular lymphocytes (LGL or natural killer [NK]cells).


Which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells?


A. CD 1, CD 2, CD 4


B. CD 2, CD 3, CD 8


C. CD 1, CD 3, CD 4


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D. CD 2, CD 3, CD 4 - ANSWER✔✔-D. Mature. peripheral helper T cells have the CD 2 (E rosette), CD 3

(mature T cell), and CE 4 (helper) markers.


Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and acts specifically to kill tumor or virally infected cells?


A. Helper T


B. T suppressor


C. T cytotoxic


D. T inducer/suppressor - ANSWER✔✔-C. T cytotoxic cells recognize antigen in association with major

histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes and act against target cells that express foreign

antigens. These include viral antigens and the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are the target of

graft rejection.


How are cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) and natural killer (NK) cells similar?


A. Require antibody to be present


B. Effective against virally infected cells


C. Recognize antigen in association with HLA class II markers


D. Do not bind to infected cells - ANSWER✔✔-B Both TC and NK cells are effective against virally


infected cells, and neither requires antibody to be


present to bind to infected cells. NK cells do not


exhibit MHC class restriction, whereas activation of


Tc cells require the presence of MHC class I



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