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NR 503 Epi Midterm Exam |99 Questions with 100% verified solutions | Rated A+
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NR 503 Epi Midterm Exam |99 Questions with 100% verified solutions | Rated A+
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NR 503 Epi Midterm Exam |99Questions with 100% verified
solutions | Rated A+
Analytic epidemiology ✔✔Looks at origins and casual factors of disease and other health related events.
Often carried out to test hypotheses formulated from descriptive studies.
Cohort studies, case control study, randomized controlled trials ✔✔Executed with a goal to
identify factors that increase or decrease risk
Screening tools ✔✔Can utilize to detect disease in groups of asymptomatic individuals with the goal
of reducing and/or preventing morbidity and mortality
Screening tests ✔✔applied to groups of individuals or to high-risk populations. For example pap smears,
TB test, mammograms. should be inexpensive, easy to administer, and have minimal side effects
Causation for population research ✔✔an increase in the causal factor or exposure causes an increase
in the outcome of interest
preclinical disease ✔✔start of disease, no symptoms, not always detectable
clinical disease ✔✔disease present with recognizable symptoms "treatment stage"
nonclinical disease ✔✔consists of 4 stages: preclinical, subclinical, chronic/persistent, latent
preclinical ✔✔no symptoms but destined to progress
, subclinical ✔✔disease is present, not destined to progress clinically
chronic/persistent ✔✔disease persists over time
latent disease ✔✔disease with no active multiplication of biological agent
epidemiological triangle ✔✔used to explain causation (relationship between risk factors and disease)
causation: causative agent ✔✔factors in which presence or absence cause disease
causation: susceptible host ✔✔age, gender, race, genetics
causation: environment ✔✔water, food, neighborhood, pollution
web of causation ✔✔disease develops as a result of many antecedent factors, not as a result of
single, isolated cause
crude rates ✔✔apply to entire population
incidence rates ✔✔direct measure of how often new cases occur
period prevalence ✔✔# of cases during a specified time
point prevalence ✔✔# of cases in specified time / # at risk in specified time
case fatality rate ✔✔measure of severity of disease. Helpful when designing programs to
reduce rate/disparity in population
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