Nuclear Medicine: Final Exam Questions
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Coherent Scattering
Compton Scattering
Photoelectric Effect
Pair Production
Photodisintegration - ✔✔X-ray Interaction with Matter:
Coherent Scattering - ✔✔X-rays with energies below approximately 10 keV
interact with matter by coherent scattering, sometimes called classical scattering
or Thompson scattering.
J.J. Thompson was the physicist to first describe coherent
scattering. The result of coherent scattering is a change in
direction of the x-ray without a change in its
,energy.
There is no energy transfer and therefore no ionization.
Most coherently scattered x-rays are scattered in the forward direction.
Compton Scattering - ✔✔The incident x-ray interacts with an outer-shell
electron and ejects it from the atom, thereby ionizing the atom.
The ejected electron is called a Compton electron.
The x-ray continues in a different direction with less energy.
Photo electric effect - ✔✔Total x-ray absorption.
The electron removed from the atom, called a photoelectron, escapes with kinetic
energy equal to the difference between the energy of the incident x-ray and the
binding energy of the electron.
,Pair Production - ✔✔If an incident x-ray has sufficient energy, it may escape
interaction with electrons and come close enough to the nucleus of the atom to
be influenced by the strong nuclear field.
The interaction between the x-ray and the nuclear field causes the x-ray
to disappear, and in its place, two electrons appear, one positively
charged (positron) and one negatively charged.
This process is called pair production.
Pair production does not occur during x-ray imaging.
Photo Disintegration - ✔✔X-rays with energy above approximately 10 MeV can
escape interaction with electrons and the nuclear field and be absorbed
directly by the nucleus.
When this happens, the nucleus is raised to an excited state and instantly emits a
nucleon or other nuclear fragment.
This process is called photodisintegration.
Atom - ✔✔"indivisible" [a (not) + temon (cut)]
, Smallest particle of matter that has the properties of element.
Particles that are smaller than the atoms are called subatomic particle.
118 elements are identified; 92 naturally occuring, and the 26 artificially
produced in high energy particle accelerators.
Greek Atom
Dalton Atom (1808) (atomic mass)Dalton/Mendeleev
Thomson Atom (1890)
Bohr Atom (1913) - ✔✔Century of Discoveries:
Electron
Proton
Neutron - ✔✔The fundamental particles of an atom are the:
9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg - ✔✔Electrons are very small particles that carry one unit
of negative electric charge. Their mass is only:
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