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PSYCH 2B03 – Midterm Exam Study Guide Solutions What is the Barnum effect - ANSWER-A cognitive bias that occurs when individuals believe that a generic personality description applies to themselves Idea that we can be so vague in descriptions that people all think it applies to them Ex. horo...

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  • November 4, 2024
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PSYCH 2B03 – Midterm Exam Study Guide

Solutions


What is the Barnum effect - ANSWER✔✔-A cognitive bias that occurs when individuals believe that a

generic personality description applies to themselves


Idea that we can be so vague in descriptions that people all think it applies to them


Ex. horoscopes → very vague but people believe them about themselves


P.T Barnum → came up with barnum circus while doing fortune telling


Pretended to have a "third eye" and would use ambiguous statements but people believed it about

themselves


Personality tests, horoscopes, fortune telling does this to make us think they are good


Describes what we are like/what we do


In psychology, we use science to predict behaviour


In psychology, what do we use to predict behaviour - ANSWER✔✔-science


Do schools kill creativity T.E.D talk - intelligence is what 3 D's and how do schools kill creativity (2) -

ANSWER✔✔-T.E.D talk on whether we kill creativity in school


"If you aren't prepared to be wrong you won't be creative"


Stigmatize mistakes → we grow out of creativity



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Sir Ken Robinson believes that we are educating creativity out of our children


Art and music is given a higher status than drama and dance in school




Does this in two main ways:


1. Most useful subjects for work are at the top → avoiding subjects that were not "at the top" because

you are scared you won't get a job


2. Academic ability → whole system is a process of university entrance so brilliant people think they are

not because they have "lower" academic ability


Education was created to get people jobs which has led to academic inflation




Intelligence is: diverse (movement, senses, etc.), dynamic (interactive), and distinct


the thing psychologists study is - ANSWER✔✔-the psychological triad


what is the psychological triad and is it always balanced - ANSWER✔✔-feel, think, behave




Sometimes these conflict


Inconsistencies between these are common enough to make us understand that the mind is not simple


Help us solve the internal consistency and self knowledge


what is 'feel' in the psychological triad - ANSWER✔✔-emotions, affect, mood


what is 'think' in the psychological triad - ANSWER✔✔-cognitions


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what is 'behave' in the psychological triad - ANSWER✔✔-actions are either observable or not


personality and clinical psychology: how do they overlap - ANSWER✔✔-1. Overlap → clinical training and

treating patients




2. Looks at human behaviour along a spectrum/continuum


Normal vs extreme patterns of personality


Ex. ranging from no shy to the most shy




By conceptualizing personality in this way, we can understand what is considered "abnormal"


Personality disorders → make it harder to live a certain way




3. Both personality and clinical psychology attempt to understand the "whole person"


Personality psychology is one small piece of the whole person


Share the obligation of trying to understand whole persons


How all other areas of psychology come together


personality psychology is the ______ and _____ subfield in psychology, why? - ANSWER✔✔-Personality

psychology is the largest and smallest subfield of psychology.




Personality psychology is closely allied with clinical psychology, which is the largest subfield


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definition of personality - ANSWER✔✔-ons of personality


"An individual's characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour, together with the

psychological mechanisms - hidden or not - behind those patterns."


How do we usually think, feel, and behave and take into account what is creating these behaviours


"An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving" - what is

wrong with this definition? - ANSWER✔✔-personality is not always consistent


what is impossible in personality psychology - ANSWER✔✔-explaining the whole person in his or her

daily environment


we cannot account for all of these variables


ex. why did you go to the gym?


what are the different approaches (5) - ANSWER✔✔-trait


biological


psychoanalytic


phenomenological - humanistic and cross cultural


learning and cognitive processes - classic behaviourism and social learning


what is the biological approach in personality psychology - ANSWER✔✔-understand the mind in terms of

the body


How do different parts of the brain and genetics dictate thoughts, feelings, and behaviour


Anatomy, physiology, genetics, evolution



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