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PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICE EXAMREVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called ____. - Answer-
Psychology
The word "psychology" is a combination of two Greek words: psyche (or psyche),
meaning "the soul," and logos, meaning "the ____." - Answer-Study of
Psychology as a discipline dates back to ____. - Answer-The 1870's
The psychology family tree includes two major roots: ____. - Answer-Philosophy and
the natural sciences
Although the bulk of psychology focuses on human behavior, studying animal behavior
has been an essential part of the discipline that allows for ____. - Answer-Making
essential comparisons with humans
A doctor noticed that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War
I were highly anxious, were fearful of loud noises, and had difficulty reconnecting with
their families. He asked them to record personal observations of their thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____. - Answer-Introspection
The discipline that systematically examines basic concepts, including the source of
knowledge, is called ____. - Answer-Philosophy
The two roots of psychology are philosophy and _____. - Answer-Natural science
Psychological scientists view the mind as a way of talking about ___. - Answer-The
brain and its activities
A study participant grimaces after taking a bite of broccoli; a woman laughs at a joke; a
man eats a cookie when he's bored; a child cries when his mother leaves the room.
These are all examples of ____. - Answer-Behaviors
Philosophers and psychologists have a shared interest in, among other things, ______.
- Answer-The origin of knowledge
One of the earliest philosophers to forward the idea that all knowledge is gained through
sensory experience was ________, who lived from 384 to 322 BCE. - Answer-Aristotle
The first true psychologist was ____. He was a research assistant to Hermann von
Helmholtz, and his ideas provided the foundation for what would later be called
structuralism. - Answer-Wilhelm Wundt
,Functionalism emerged partly in response to the publication of ____ - Answer-The
Descent of Man, by Charles Darwin
The Gestalt psychologists believed that breaking a whole perception into its building
blocks, as advocated by the structuralists, would result in the loss of ____. - Answer-
Important psychological information
Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality,
dream analysis, the psychological roots of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
- Answer-Sigmund Freud
An approach to psychology that features the study and careful measurement of
observable behaviors is called ____. - Answer-Behaviorism
Wilhelm Wundt's student, Edward Titchener, developed an approach in which the mind
is broken into the smallest elements of mental experience. What was this called? -
Answer-Structuralism
Who is the American psychologist who proposed the functionalist approach and whose
textbook Principles of Psychology dominated the field of psychology for 50 years after
its publication? - Answer-William James
Describe Gestalt theory? - Answer-The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Which of the following statements about Freud's work is true? - Answer-His theories
don't lend themselves to experimentation
A leading behaviorist who first explored classical conditioning was ____. - Answer-Ivan
Petrovich Pavlov
Titchener's approach to psychology paralleled which of the following trends of his day? -
Answer-Efforts in chemistry to break molecules into elements
Throughout his discussions of mental processes and behavior, William James
emphasized the role of ____. - Answer-Evolution
William and Max are discussing how younger and older people respond to lighter or
darker skin on a person. William says they should use fMRI (functional magnetic
resonance imaging) to study older and younger participants' brains to find out which
areas are "firing" when they see images of people with darker skin and lighter skin.
Max believes only looking at participants' brains will result in a loss of some important
details that might also affect the participants, such as their level of income and exposure
to people from different cultures. Which of the following is a true statement about these
students? - Answer-Max is espousing Gestalt psychology
, Humanistic psychologists believed that ____. - Answer-people behave badly only when
corrupted by society
What is the psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships among mind,
behavior, and their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry,
anatomy, and physiology? - Answer-Biological psychology
The psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and behavior
have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction is called ____
psychology. - Answer-Evolutionary
The psychological perspective that investigates information processing, thinking,
reasoning, and problem solving is called ____. - Answer-Cognitive psychology
The psychological perspective that examines the effects of one's environment on the
behavior of individuals is called ____ psychology. - Answer-Social
The psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior that occur
across the life span is called ____. - Answer-Developmental psychology
The psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat abnormal
behaviors is called ____. - Answer-Clinical psychology
In the 1970s, what initiated an explosion of knowledge about the connections between
brain and behavior? - Answer-New methods for observing brain activity
An evolutionary psychologist would be most interested in the question of ____. -
Answer-Whether there is an adaptive reason why men tend to gamble more than
women
Our judicial system relies heavily on eyewitness testimony; however, ________ would
say that eyewitness testimony can be shaped by a community's perceptions of race and
culture.
A - Answer-Social psychology
Using the developmental perspective, a psychologist might look at whether the loss of a
parent ____. - Answer-Is experienced differently at different ages
More recently, clinical and counseling psychologists have expanded their perspective to
include ____. - Answer-The promotion of general well-being
Sam is an evolutionary psychologist. Which of the following is likely to be a study he
would author? - Answer-
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