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Samenvatting Sociale Psychologie - criminologische wetenschappen
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Samenvatting van het vak Sociale Psychologie door Alain Va Hiel (pwp + notities les). Vak van het 2de bachelor Criminologie van UGent
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Sociale PsychologieSOCIALE PSYCHOLOGIE
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Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 6
De Mens Is Een Sociaal Dier ................................................................................................................ 6
Sociale Psychologie: Definitie En Verwante Disicplines ...................................................................... 6
Definitie Van Sociale Psychologie .................................................................................................... 6
De Kracht Van De Sociale Situatie ................................................................................................... 7
Sociale Psychologie En Verwante Disciplines .................................................................................. 7
Andere Psychologische Domeinen .................................................................................................. 8
Sociale Psychologie En De Mensenkennis ....................................................................................... 8
De Geschiedenis Van De Sociale Psychologie ..................................................................................... 8
De Beginjaren Van De Sociale Psychologie 1880-1935 ................................................................... 8
De Jaren Van Bevestiging 1936-1960 .............................................................................................. 9
Groei En Debat 1960-1975 .............................................................................................................. 9
Methodologisch En Inhoudelijk Pluralisme ................................................................................... 10
Sociale Psychologie In De 21ste Eeuw ................................................................................................ 10
Hoofdstuk 4: Sociale Perceptie ............................................................................................................. 10
Het Ruwe Materiaal Van De Eerste Indruk........................................................................................ 10
De Waarnemer .............................................................................................................................. 10
Het Uiterlijk ................................................................................................................................... 11
Situaties ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Gedrag ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Attributie: Van Elementen Tot Disposities ........................................................................................ 12
Attributietheorieën ....................................................................................................................... 12
De Theorie Van Corresponderende Gevolgtrekkingen ................................................................. 13
Kelley’s Covariatietheorie.............................................................................................................. 13
Attributionele Vertekeningen ....................................................................................................... 14
Integratie: Van Disposities Tot Impressies ........................................................................................ 16
Enkele Basisbevindingen ............................................................................................................... 16
Integratie Van Kenmerken In Een Globale Impressie.................................................................... 17
Afwijkingen Van Het Gemiddelde Model ...................................................................................... 17
Confirmatievertekening .................................................................................................................... 18
Persistentie Van Opvattingen ........................................................................................................ 18
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Confirmatorische Hypothesetoetsing ........................................................................................... 18
De Zelfvervullende Voorspelling ................................................................................................... 18
Slotwoord .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Hofdstuk 5: Sociale Beïnvloeding .......................................................................................................... 19
Automatische Sociale Beïnvloeding .................................................................................................. 19
Conformiteit ...................................................................................................................................... 19
De Klassieke Studies ...................................................................................................................... 20
Waarom Conformeert Men? ......................................................................................................... 20
Meerderheidsinvloed .................................................................................................................... 21
Minderheidsinvloed ...................................................................................................................... 22
Differentiële Of Unimodale Procesmodellen ................................................................................ 22
Instemmen ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Redenen Geven ............................................................................................................................. 23
‘Stel Je Eens Voor’ ......................................................................................................................... 23
De Wederkerigheidsnorm ............................................................................................................. 23
Tweestappen Instemmingstechnieken ......................................................................................... 24
Assertiviteit.................................................................................................................................... 25
Gehoorzaamheid ............................................................................................................................... 25
Milgrams Onderzoek: Krachtlijnen Van Vernietigende Gehoorzaamheid ................................... 25
Milgram In De 21ste Eeuw ............................................................................................................ 26
Verzet ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Hoofdstuk 7: Attitudes .......................................................................................................................... 27
Attitudes: Basisbevindingen .............................................................................................................. 27
De Drie Componenten Van Attitudes ............................................................................................ 28
Attitudesterktes............................................................................................................................. 28
Expliciete En Impliciete Attitudes .................................................................................................. 28
Het Verband Tussen Attitudes En Gedrag ..................................................................................... 31
Overreding Door Communicatie ....................................................................................................... 32
Twee Wegen Voor Overreding ...................................................................................................... 32
De Bron .......................................................................................................................................... 34
De Boodschap ................................................................................................................................ 35
Het Publiek .................................................................................................................................... 37
Overtuiging Door Het Eigen Gedrag (Dia 13) .................................................................................... 37
Overtuigen Door Het Eigen Gedrag: Cognitieve Dissonantie Theorie........................................... 38
Toepassing Van Dissonantie-Theorie ............................................................................................ 39
Randcondities Van Dissonantietheorie ......................................................................................... 40
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Alternatieve Wegen Tot Zelfovertuiging ....................................................................................... 41
Vergelrijkbare Alternatieven ......................................................................................................... 42
Reclame En Voorlichting.................................................................................................................... 42
Subliminale Berichten.................................................................................................................... 42
Stereotypen In Reclame ................................................................................................................ 43
Culturele Verschillen ..................................................................................................................... 45
Hoofdstuk 10: Agressie.......................................................................................................................... 45
Wat Is Aggresie? ................................................................................................................................ 45
Definities En Vormen Van Agressie ............................................................................................... 45
Pestgedrag ..................................................................................................................................... 45
De Meting Van Agressie ................................................................................................................ 45
Crossnatioanle En Intraculturele Verschillen (Zelfstudie) ................................................................. 46
Intraculturele Verschillen .............................................................................................................. 46
De Oorsprong Van Agressie............................................................................................................... 47
Het Erfelijkheidsperspectief .......................................................................................................... 47
Het Leerperspectief ....................................................................................................................... 48
Sociaalpsychologische Theorieën Van Agressie ................................................................................ 50
Frustratie ....................................................................................................................................... 50
Negatief Affect .............................................................................................................................. 51
Fysiologische Opwinding ............................................................................................................... 51
Cognitieve Processen .................................................................................................................... 51
De Invloed Van Geweldmedia ........................................................................................................... 53
Geweld Komt Frequent Voor In Allerlei Media ............................................................................. 53
Pornografie .................................................................................................................................... 54
Verborgen Geweld ............................................................................................................................ 57
Seksuele Agressie .......................................................................................................................... 57
Fysiek Geweld Onder Partners ...................................................................................................... 57
Kindermishandeling ....................................................................................................................... 57
Slotwoord: De Reductie Van Geweld ................................................................................................ 58
Concrete Maatregelen................................................................................................................... 58
Omvattende Programma’s ............................................................................................................ 58
Hoofdstuk 12: Groepspresentaties ....................................................................................................... 58
Collectieve Processen: Onderscheid Tussen Groep En Collectief! .................................................... 58
1) Sociaal Facilitatie ....................................................................................................................... 58
Onenigheid En Verschillende Opinies ............................................................................................... 62
Deviantie........................................................................................................................................ 62
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Groepspolarisatie .......................................................................................................................... 64
Prestaties In Kleine, Taakgerichte Groepen ...................................................................................... 64
Groepsprestatie ............................................................................................................................. 64
Brainstormen ................................................................................................................................. 66
Vertekende Steekproeftrekking .................................................................................................... 67
Groepsgeheugen ........................................................................................................................... 68
Heuristieken .................................................................................................................................. 68
Groepsefficiëntie Verhogen .......................................................................................................... 69
Groepsdenken: Het Perspectief Verliezen (Zelfstudie) .................................................................... 70
Het Groepsdenken Model ............................................................................................................. 70
Empirische Onderzoeken .............................................................................................................. 70
Groepsdenken Voorkomen ........................................................................................................... 70
Hoofdstuk 13: Stereotypen, Vooroordelen En Discriminatie .............................................................. 71
Begrippen: ......................................................................................................................................... 71
Uitingsvormen Van Vooroordelen .................................................................................................... 71
Subtiele En Grove Vooroordelen ................................................................................................... 72
Impliciete Vooroordelen ............................................................................................................... 73
Wederzijdse Vooroordelen ........................................................................................................... 75
Individuele Verschillen In Vooroordelen ....................................................................................... 76
De Wortels Van Bevooroordelen En Discriminatie ........................................................................... 77
Competitie Om Schaarse Middelen............................................................................................... 77
Sociale Categorisatie En Stereotypen................................................................................................ 80
Sociale Categorisatie ..................................................................................................................... 80
Stereotypen ................................................................................................................................... 81
Seksisme ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Geslacht Is Een Fundamentele Categorie...................................................................................... 84
Waarom Blijven Geslachtsstereotypen Bestaan? ......................................................................... 84
Geslachtsstereotypes: Een Dubbele Moraal? ............................................................................... 85
Ambivalent Seksisme..................................................................................................................... 85
Intersectionaliteit .......................................................................................................................... 86
Hoofdstuk 14: De Diverse Samenleving ................................................................................................ 86
Diversiteit .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Is Diversiteit Een Probleem?.......................................................................................................... 87
Hypersegregatie ............................................................................................................................ 88
Inter-Etnisch Contact ......................................................................................................................... 88
De Contact-Hypothese .................................................................................................................. 88
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