Exam (elaborations)

MUS 191 Final Exam Review Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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mus 191 final exam review questions answers 2024

Institution MUS 191
Course MUS 191

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MUS 191 Final Exam Review Questions
& Answers 2024/2025

Through what mediums can we hear sound? - ANSWERSWe can hear sound through air, water, and
solids.

Name and describe the four acoustical properties of sound and their perceptual corollaries. -
ANSWERSAmplitude (loudness)

Frequency (pitch)

Amplitude Envelope (Articulation)

Harmonic Content (timbre)

By what scales do we measure amplitude and frequency? - ANSWERSAmplitude measured in dB and
frequency is measured in Hz

What are the upper and lower limits of human hearing in terms of amplitude and frequency? -
ANSWERSAmplitude limits 0-120 dB and frequency limits 20-20,000 Hz or 20 kHz

What are the four phases of an acoustic envelope? Be able to name and describe them. -
ANSWERSAttack - the initial onset of a sound wave.

Decay - a brief decrease in amplitude immediately after attack.

Sustain - a period of relatively stable dynamics after the decay (middle portion of the envelope).

Release - the time it takes to fade to silence once a sound has stopped.

What changes in a sound when the amount and intensity of overtones is altered? - ANSWERSThe
harmonic content of the sound will change, sine waves are layering over each other to create ratios (2:1
3:1 4:1)

In a waveform, what is a cycle? What is a period? - ANSWERSA cycle is one completed pattern of ups and
downs in a waveform. A period is the time it takes to complete one cycle.

, If a fundamental frequency is 200 Hz, what will the frequency of the second partial in the overtone series
be? Give the frequencies for the third, fourth, and fifth. - ANSWERSThe second partial would be 400 Hz.
600 Hz for the third. 800 Hz for the fourth. 1,000 Hz for the fifth.

Compare the waveform view with the spectrum view. What does each view represent? - ANSWERSThe
waveform view shows the change in air pressure of a sound wave over time. The Spectrum view
represents sound as frequency vs. amplitude.

Define Musique Concrète and Elektronische Musik. - ANSWERSMusique Concrete is music composed of
found sounds and Elektronische Musik is music generated electronically from sine wave oscillators and
then combined.

Describe the compositional techniques involved in Musique Concrete and Elektronische Musik. -
ANSWERSIn Musique Concrete, some techniques used were splicing, tape loops, changing tape speeds,
and playing the tape in reverse. Elektronische Musik uses live instruments or voice, delay, and tape
speed manipulations.

Who were some of the important figures in each movement? Know some representative pieces in each
genre. - ANSWERSPierre Schaeffer dubbed Musique Concrete, "Etude aux Chemins de Fer" first piece of
MC. Karlheinz Stockhausen most famous Elektronische Musik composer. "Studie II" pure EM; "Gesang
der Junglinge" young boy's voice with electronic music.

Who were the first composers to debut works of electronic music in America? - ANSWERS"Low Speed"
by Otto Luening and "Sonic Contours" by Vladimir Ussachevsky.

What are the playing techniques for the Theremin and the Ondes Martenot? - ANSWERSThe theremin
has two antennas. One antenna determines frequency (pitch), and the other controls amplitude
(volume). The ondes martenot is played by pulling a string with one hand to manipulate pitch.

What were the goals of the inventors of the Telharmonium, the Theremin and the Hammond organ? -
ANSWERSThe Telharmonium's goal was to broadcast music directly into homes, restaurants, and hotels
via telephone lines. The goal of the Theremin was to be an outstanding instrument. The goal of the
Hammond organ was to be a mass marketable instrument.

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