Class notes
Biol 2402 Chapter 18 Notes
- Course
- BIOL 2402
- Institution
- Lone Star College
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on chapter 18;the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
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Mai-Lynn HoProfessor Brasher
BIOL 2402
Chapter 18 Notes
The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
- Heart is a transport system consisting of two
side-by-side pumps
o Right side receives oxygen-poor blood from tissues
o Left side receives oxygenated blood from lungs
Outside Layers
- Pericardium: double-walled sac that surrounds heart; made up of two layers
o Fibrous pericardium
,Mai-Lynn Ho
Professor Brasher
BIOL 2402
o Serous pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Two layers separated by fluid-filled pericardial cavity (decreases friction)
- Three layers of heart wall:
o Epicardium: visceral layer of serous
pericardium
o Myocardium: circular or spiral bundles of
contractile cardiac muscle cells
o Endocardium: innermost layer; is continuous
with endothelial lining of blood vessels
Lines heart chambers and covers cardiac skeleton of valves
, Mai-Lynn Ho
Professor Brasher
BIOL 2402
Developmental Aspects of the heart
- Human heart is derived from mesoderm
- Begins as two endothelial chambers that fuse to form single actively pumping chamber
by day 22
- Tube develops four bulges that represent earliest chambers
o Sinus venosus
o Atrium
o Ventricle
o Bulbus cordis
- Heart tube contorts, and structural changes convert into a four-chambered heart by day __
- Two fetal heart structures bypass pulmonary circulation
o Foramen ovale: opening that connects atria
o Ductus arteriosus connects pulmonary trunk to aorta
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