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INST 203 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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INST 203 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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INST 203 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSExplain briefly the origin and development of the term "Indian." - Answers- - Columbus
first used it because he thought he reached the east Indies
- European explorers, traders, and colonizers used the term "Indian" (or "Red Indian") to
identify the Indigenous inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere
The Indigenous peoples of the United States and in Canada have reluctantly accepted
the term Indian as a shared self-identification. Why? - Answers- the enduring impact of
the attempted colonization of Indigenous peoples has been that the inclusive term has
been forced on them, to the extent that some Indigenous peoples use the term for self-
identification
What factors tend to influence an Indigenous individual's decision to migrate to an urban
centre? (Frideres & Gadacz) - Answers- go to city seeking education, work
opportunities, amenities/services that are not on reserve; women move because of
housing and family issues; people live where they can afford housing; people will
choose location based on where others from their community live; where there is a
sense of community;
Identify the main problems faced by service organizations in their attempts to assist
Indigenous people who try to establish residences in urban areas. (Frideres & Gadacz) -
Answers- jurisdictional tug of war between government results in justification for not
developing policy
public services encourage participation of individuals in society but they fail to integrate
Aboriginal people into urban society therefore they are more of a barrier
acculturating organization promotes assimilation to Euro-Canadian culture working on
referral system but due to that Aboriginal people do not always have the qualifications
finding it challenging to even be accepted into the program
accommodating organization attempts to compensate for the lack of preparedness of
Aboriginal in contact with Euro-Canadian society, they are unable to offer any real
assistance to Aboriginal people
member organizations work against the assimilation into Canadian society, they
represent the interests of Aboriginal people as member of distinct people but
effectiveness is weakened by absence of employment suited to Aboriginal people as
Aboriginal people
What accounts for the higher number of Indigenous women than men in urban centres?
(Frideres and Gadacz) - Answers- because of enfranchisement/marriage clauses;
looking for housing
,Since World War II, Indigenous people have been migrating to urban centres in ever
increasing numbers. What factors prompt this migration? (Frideres & Gadacz) -
Answers- after WW2 there was a rapid urban growth and they moved looking for
employment, better services or escape from the reserve
Describe the effect of the reserve system on the daily lives of registered Indian people.
How did this system help to define Indian identity among people of Indigenous descent?
(Dyck) - Answers- - isolated on special pockets of land and were subject to different
laws
- total social institution on their social and cultural organization
- vital aspect of people's reality and self-identity
- registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
How do treaty rights affect the identity of Indigenous people in Saskatchewan? (Dyck) -
Answers- - registered Indians in Saskatchewan are not typical "Native people"
- distinction between who is registered or not is important and objective facts of life for
Indian people
-
What arguments are advanced by those who contend that present legal identifications
of Indigenous people are arbitrary and should be ended in favour of an all-inclusive
Indigenous identity? (Dyck) - Answers- - tends to homogenize and eviscerate historical
and contemporary realities
- because majority of registered Indians in the future will be urban dwellers
- socioeconomic needs of Metis and non-status people are equal to needs of registered
Indians and distinctions prevent government from meeting moral obligation to all
peoples of aboriginal ancestry
How might a leader of an organization of status Indians rebut such arguments? (Dyck) -
Answers- no benefit to have the rights and legal status of registered Indians eroded and
replaced with a new Native policy that could be wind down hastily as it is devised
What is the difference between an "ethnic group" as defined by Barth and an
"ethnostatus group" as defined by Waldram? - Answers- Barth defined membership in a
particular ethnic group as to be effectively governed all behaviour in virtually every
social situation, and further it cannot be disregarded and temporarily set aside by other
definitions of the situation
ethnostatus groups implies that identity can be derived from a combination of cultural
and legal factors (unlike "ethnicity," which develops primarily from cultural factors
What cultural factors make the legal distinction between "Indian" and "Métis" appear
absurd and arbitrary to some Indigenous communities? (Waldram) - Answers- Hence,
the cultural category "Indian" may include both those with and without legal Indian
status. The "Metis" as a group may also contain non-status Indians who, in search for a
more positive identity, have gravitated toward the Metis cultural group. However, while
, these individuals might declare themselves as "Metis," an objective examination might
reveal a cultural pattern more congruent with "Indian."
According to Waldram, what is a "white-status Native"? - Answers- legally-defined
"nonstatus Indians," and the culturally-defined "Metis."
According to Waldram, the legal distinction between Indian-status and white-status
Natives leads to inequities in the delivery of government services. What inequities exist
in the delivery of social assistance and economic development programs? - Answers-
treaty Indians get more social assistance; an example is the Chipewyan of northern
Manitoba; separate schools were eventually constructed at the behest of estranged
parents who resented the control of the opposing ethnostatus category over the
education of their children; provinces such as Saskatchewan exempt status Indians
from provincial sales tax, while all white-status individuals must contribute
How has the legal distinction between Indian-status and white-status persons affected
political developments in some Indigenous communities? (Waldram) - Answers- Band
councils to represent the Indian-status people in the subarctic Native communities have
been around for many years, while the development of political bodies to represent all
other Natives is much more recent
While political bodies which have incorporated both Indian-status and white-status
individuals have been attempted, they frequently have met with great opposition from
government
According to officially recognized categories, what is the difference between a treaty
and a non-treaty Indian person? - Answers- Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a
First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown
According to officially recognized categories, what is the difference between a status
and non-status Indian person? - Answers- individuals who identify themselves as First
Nations but are not entitled to registration on the Indian Register pursuant to the Indian
Act are considered 'Non-status Indians'
According to officially recognized categories, what is the difference between a
registered and a non-registered Indian person? - Answers- Registered Indians are
persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada
What are the seven parts of the colonization process? (Frideres and Gadacz) -
Answers- the seven parts of the colonization process are:
1. incursion of colonizing group into geographical area
2. destructive effect on social and cultural structures of Indigenous group
3/4. interrelated process of external political control and Aboriginal economic
dependence
5. provision of low quality social services for colonized Aboriginal individuals in areas
like health and education
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