things that can optimize chances of becoming pregnant - ️️-Estimating the timing of
ovulation from the calendar, changes in cervical mucus, cervical position and basal
body temperature.
-Using an ovulation kit which can test when the LH surge occurs. (The LH surge
indicates that ovulation w...
PSYC 3260 Exam #3 (Human Sexuality-
Morris)
things that can optimize chances of becoming pregnant - ✔️✔️-Estimating the timing of
ovulation from the calendar, changes in cervical mucus, cervical position and basal
body temperature.
-Using an ovulation kit which can test when the LH surge occurs. (The LH surge
indicates that ovulation will happen within two days.)
-Ensuring a coital ejaculation in the vagina once per every 24 hours during the 48 hour
period around ovulation.
-Avoiding contamination of the vagina with lubricants or douches that may impede
sperm or adversely affect the PH of the vagina.
factors that lead to more optimal health outcomes for the baby once it is born - ✔️✔️-
mother receiving proper prenatal care throughout her pregnancy
-couple educating themselves about how to care for a newborn infant, obtained by
attending parenting classes, reading books, or talking to (correctly informed) trusted
sources
Maternal Mortality Rate - ✔️✔️less than 2 per 10,000
Percentage of pregnancies that result in miscarriage - ✔️✔️20%
Potential damages to sperm and ova - ✔️✔️exposure to environmental hazards
including toxic compounds, radiation (from X-rays), alcohol, drugs, and steroids
time it takes for a sperm to develop - ✔️✔️9-10 weeks
unintended pregnancies can have negative consequences: - ✔️✔️babies are at an
increased risk of cognitive delays and low birth weight because of lack of prenatal care
and education during pregnancy
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) - ✔️✔️-the hormone that is secreted as the
embryo implants in the uterus
-increase quite dramatically in the days following conception
Hagar's signs - ✔️✔️-signs of early pregnancy through a pelvic exam
-softening of uterus and changes in color of cervix, vagina, and labia
,Length of First Trimester - ✔️✔️1-12 weeks LMP
beginning of the timeline of pregnancy - ✔️✔️beginning of last menstrual period
substances and activities that could injure the embryo: - ✔️✔️alcohol, nicotine, aspirin,
recreational drugs, excessive vitamins, hot tubbing, steroids and volatile fumes such as
paint thinner or gas fumes
zygote - ✔️✔️a single fertilized cell
blastocyst - ✔️✔️dividing zygote that contains an inner cell las that will later become
the embryo
blastocoele - ✔️✔️fluid filled cavity in blastocyst
trophoblast - ✔️✔️outer layer of blastocyst which will later develop into the placenta
Day 20 - ✔️✔️the blastocyst moves out of the oviducts and down into the uterus
implantation occurs - ✔️✔️between 21 and 25 days
chorinic villi - ✔️✔️-blastocyst forms into this immediately after fertilization
-sprouts from the blastocyst's outer membrane to provide maximum contact area with
the maternal blood supply
-causes hCG levels to increase
corpus luteum during the first trimester - ✔️✔️continues to supply elevated levels of
estrogen and progesterone to stabilize pregnancy for the first 8 weeks until the placenta
forms and takes over
umbilical cord - ✔️✔️-tube that connects the fetus to the uterine wall and placenta
enabling nutrient uptake, heat regulation, waste elimination and gas (oxygen) exchange
-also serves to provide protection against infection.
chemical pregnancy - ✔️✔️-blastocyst implants and causes HCG levels to rise, but
spontaneously aborts before an ultra sound can even detect a fetal heart beat
-account for 50-75% of all miscarriages and usually occur because of genetic errors in
the blastocyst
later miscarriages (10-13 weeks) - ✔️✔️usually happen because of hormone
insufficiencies
hyperemesis gravidarum - ✔️✔️-a condition of severe nausea and vomiting in
pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus
, -usually only in the first trimester, but can last the whole pregnancy and require medical
intervention
Morning sickness is caused by rising levels of ___________. - ✔️✔️hCG
During the first trimester, a pregnant person tends to experience: - ✔️✔️Great fatigue
Length of Second Trimester - ✔️✔️13-24 weeks LMP
estrogen and progesterone - ✔️✔️hormones that stabilize a pregnancy
hCG levels at 13 weeks - ✔️✔️levels sharply drop as estrogen and progesterone
increase, causing symptoms of the first trimester to go away
Quickening - ✔️✔️the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the
mother
colostrum - ✔️✔️-production begins in the second trimester and small amounts may be
secreted
-golden or yellow in color and is the first indication of the milk that will provide
nourishment to the baby when it is born
-sufficiently high concentration of antibodies to provide the infant with complete
immunity until the infant can develop its own antibodies to fight pathogens it encounters
edema - ✔️✔️swelling of hands and feet as a result of water retention from temendous
increase in blood volume flowing throughout the mother's body.
Quad testing - ✔️✔️blood test done around 15-22 weeks that screens for Down
syndrome, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects
amniocentesis - ✔️✔️needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for
analysis if a positive result in the quad test occurs
Cell-free testing - ✔️✔️extra testing that screen for Down syndrome, trisomy 13,
trisomy 18, and problems with the number of sex chromosomes in mothers over age 35
During the second trimester, most pregnant people and their partners typically
experience: - ✔️✔️-Decreased morning sickness due to a fall off in hCG levels
-Increased interest in sex due to increased blood flow to the genitals.
Length of Third Trimester - ✔️✔️25- at least 37 weeks LMP
how much weight is typical for a mother to gain? - ✔️✔️25-35 lbs mostly in the second
and third trimesters
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