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D080 study for OA fully solved & updated(graded A+).
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D080 study for OA 2025-2026 fullysolved & updated(graded A+)
What is globalization? - answer as international integration arising
from the exchange of world views, products, ideas, and other
aspects of culture.
What is Culture Globalization? - answer refers to the transmission
of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way that
extends and intensifies social relations.
What is Political Globalization? - answer Refers to the emergence
of an increasing number of global institutions such as the growth of
both intergovernmental organizations and nongovernmental
organizations
What is Economic Globalization? - answer A process of increasing
cross-border flows of capital, goods, services, and people
What is International Business? - answer the buying, selling, and
trading of goods and services across national boundaries
What is intellectual property? - answer a work or invention that is
the result of creativity, such as a manuscript or a design, to which
one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright,
trademark, etc.
What is the FIRST stage of going global? - answer Market entry-
companies enter new countries using business models similar to the
ones deployed in their home markets. To gain access to local
customers, however, companies often need to establish a
production presence, either because of the nature of their
businesses, such as in-service industries like food, retail, or
,banking, or because of local countries' regulatory restrictions, such
as in the auto industry.
What is the SECOND stage of going global? - answer Product
Specialization- companies transfer the full production process of a
particular product to a single, low-cost location and export the
goods to various consumer markets. In this scenario, different
locations begin to specialize in different products or components
and trade in finished goods.
What is the THIRD stage of going global? - answer value chain
disaggregation- represents the next step in the company's
globalization of the supply chain infrastructure. In this stage,
companies disaggregate the production process and focus on
completing each activity in the most advantageous location.
Individual components of a single product might be manufactured in
several different places and assembled into final products
elsewhere. Examples include the PC industry market and the
decision by companies to offshore some of their business processes
and information technology services.2
What is the FOURTH stage of going global? - answer Value chain
reengineering-
companies seek to further increase their cost savings by
reengineering their processes to suit local market conditions by
substituting lower cost labor for capital. General Electric's (GE)
medical equipment division, for example, has tailored its
manufacturing processes abroad to take advantage of low labor
costs. Not only does it use more labor-intensive production
processes, but it also designs and builds the capital equipment for
its local plants
What is the FIFTH stage of going global? - answer creation of new
markets- the focus is on market expansion. This allows companies to
substantially lower their sticker prices in both old and new markets
and to expand demand. Significantly, the value of new revenues
generated in this last stage is often greater than the value of cost
savings in the other stages.
,What are Globalization drivers? - answer *Market
*Cost
*Competition
*Government
What is a market globalization driver? - answer Opportunity for
scale
Convergence of needs
What is a cost globalization driver? - answer Deals with economies
of scale and scope, Exploiting cost of factors of production
What is a competitive driver in globalization? - answer new
markets
increase levels of trade
What is a government driver in globalization? - answer favorable
policies
support for industry
What is economies of scale? - answer when the average cost of
producing a good or service falls as the quantity produced increases
What is economies of scope? - answer -Lowering the initial price of
production
-Multi-product production
What are some issues that can arise when a company moves to
another country? - answer Ethical issues, governmental policies,
and economic restrictions are all likely when a company moves into
, an unfamiliar global space. A multinational company may also face
infrastructural and technological challenges in a developing country.
What is Anarchism? - answer which contends that individuals
should control political activities, and public government is both
unnecessary and unwanted.
What is Totalarianism? - answer which contends that every aspect
of an individual's life should be controlled and dictated by a strong
central government.
What is Pluralism? - answer which asserts that both public and
private groups are essential in a well-functioning political system.
Although most countries are pluralistic politically, they may lean
more to one extreme than to the other.
What is a Authoritarian government? - answer centralize all control
in the hands of one strong leader or a strong small group of leaders
who have full authority. These leaders are not democratically
elected and are not politically, economically, or socially accountable
to the people in the country.
What is a Monarchy? - answer A single person rules until he or she
dies or abdicates the throne.
Power can vary by type: absolute, constitutional, or a mix of both.
What is Oligarchy? - answer A small, elite group holds power
Status not achieved through noble ancestry
What is dictatorship? - answer A single person (or a very small
group of people) holds power.
Wields complete and absolute authority over a government and
population.
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