LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest Actual Exam Complete 230 Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
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LS 15 PHELAN UCLA
dawn ashworth and lynda mann murders -Correct Answer one man confessed only to the second murder
alec jeffreys investigating how to test for DNA - 1985
found that perpetrators of the crime were the same, but it wasn't the guy who confessed
got voluntary blood and saliva samples
colin pitchfork...
LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-2025 Actual Exam
LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-
2025 Actual Exam Complete 230 Questions and
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
dawn ashworth and lynda mann murders -Correct Answer ✔one man confessed only to
the second murder
alec jeffreys investigating how to test for DNA - 1985
found that perpetrators of the crime were the same, but it wasn't the guy who confessed
got voluntary blood and saliva samples
colin pitchfork
fingerprint for crime identification -Correct Answer ✔has been in use for hundreds of
years
good for property ones
turn into numerical code based on these parts
why are we interested in dna fingerprinting? -Correct Answer ✔real fingerprints not left
behind in many crimes
they are essentially unique
real fingerprints are -Correct Answer ✔entirely unique
dna fingerprinting uses -Correct Answer ✔solve unsolvable crimes
resolve paternity issues
can prove innocence of people unjustly convicted
immigration
dna is -Correct Answer ✔a long sequence of letters that carry the info of how to build
molecules for the body
A or T, G or C -Correct Answer ✔match up
how much "spelling" difference is there between individuals? -Correct Answer ✔99.9%
of it exactly the same
different enough: 3 M diff base pairs
on average, indiv differ in their dna sequence at -Correct Answer ✔0.1% of their bases:
3M differences out of 3B base pairs
blood -Correct Answer ✔can isolate cells that came from perpetrators, get to repeating
parts, indication - random population to compare to
LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-2025 Actual Exam
,LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-2025 Actual Exam
short tandem repeats (STRs) -Correct Answer ✔repeating units, usually 4-5 nucleotides
long
diff alleles may repeat different amount of times
call it a locus: location on chromosome
noncoding - doesn't code for any product, protein, built, etc. "junk dna"
nucleotides -Correct Answer ✔A, T, C, G
supposed there are 10 alleles for str 1, each with the same frequency in the population.
what is the likelihood that a random person has the same genotype as the perpetrator's
DNA found at a crime scene? -Correct Answer ✔1/100 (why???)
homozygous -Correct Answer ✔has to inherit same allele, same for STRs
10, 10 x 12, 14 not homozygous if 10 12 or 10 14
more questions about possible STR allele combos -Correct Answer ✔cross them like a
punnett suqare still
for an str locus -> many (2 or 3 dozen or even more!) -Correct Answer ✔alleles exist
within the population, but each individual can only have two of them
many individuals have different -Correct Answer ✔STR loci: at different pace and how
many of them
creating a DNA fingerprint -Correct Answer ✔1. dna fragment containing each STR
region is amplified. results in huge numbers of those fragments
2. fragments separated by size, using electrophoresis
3. str region is stained on gel
US combined DNA index system (CODIS) database includes -Correct Answer ✔20
STR, scattered across human genome.
human paternity testing -Correct Answer ✔analyzing 1 locus
what do the bands represent?
- represent fragment that's been cut on each side, amount of distance related to how
many repeats there are.
which pair of people are the parents of each?
dna fingerprinting challenges and controversies -Correct Answer ✔1. overlap of strs
2. how many strs should we compare?
3. how likely is a match? multiply 4 probabilities of matching 1 band by each other. ->
can juries understand this?
4. are there subpopulation differences? does it matter if every person within a
subpopulation has the same alleles for an str? why?
5. do humans make mistakes?
LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-2025 Actual Exam
, LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-2025 Actual Exam
6. how sure do we wanna be?
what are some things that living systems need? -Correct Answer ✔fuel
1. raw materials for growth
2. energy to do things that won't happen spontaneously (ex: walking, growing new
tissue, adding muscle mass, reproduction)
fuel comes from -Correct Answer ✔energy stored in chemical bonds
who creates energy initially? -Correct Answer ✔photosynthetic organisms
how to release energy -Correct Answer ✔breaking bonds that are lower
photosynthesis -Correct Answer ✔put energy in from the sun, building up bonds in
carbs that are later converted
photosynthesis is like -Correct Answer ✔eating in reverse
what is doing "work" -Correct Answer ✔breaking bonds and reforming new bonds
releases energy that can be harnessed to do "work"
how do we power machines? -Correct Answer ✔gasoline and many other fuels
but for our purposes: break the bond, form a bond at lower energy, harness extra
energy to do stuff
hydrocarbons -Correct Answer ✔molecules with chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms
(5-12 carbons)
car engines -Correct Answer ✔combust hydrocarbons, forming new bonds, releasing
energy that can be harnessed
examples -Correct Answer ✔heptane (gasoline) has 16 Hs, methane has 4 Hs, propane
has 8 Hs
biofuels -Correct Answer ✔are natural oils from plants, or sugar/starches modified into
ethanol
still Hs connected to carbon that are going to combust somehow. they have different
outcomes
lipids -Correct Answer ✔not water soluble
major storehouses of energy
good insulators
for storing and generating useful energy
LS 15 PHELAN UCLA Final Exam Newest 2024-2025 Actual Exam
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