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FUNDAMENTAL MATHEMATICS
Study Guide 4
GEOMETRY AND MEASUREMENT OF AREAS AND
VOLUMES
Prepared by Dr. Faleye Sunday
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ii
CONTENTS
MODULE 4: GEOMETRY AND THE MEASUREMENT OF AREAS
AND VOLUMES
Unit 1 Geometry 1
Outcomes 1
1.1 Lines and Angles 3
1.2 Polygons 23
1.3 Circles 57
Unit Summary 60
Checklist 63
Unit 2 Perimeter, Area and Volume 66
Outcomes 66
2.1 Measurements of Perimeter and Area 67
2.2 Surface Area and Volume of Three Dimensional Objects 80
Unit Summary 96
Checklist 98
ANSWERS 99
REFERENCES 118
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1 MAT0511/001
UNIT 1: Geometry
OUTCOMES
After studying this unit you should be able to do the following.
1.1: Lines and angles
I Create patterns by translating an object in a given direction, over a given distance.
I Create patterns by reflecting an object, for example in a vertical or horizontal line. Recognise objects
that have reflection symmetry.
I Recognise objects that have rotational symmetry. Create patterns by rotating an object through a
given angle between 0 and 360 .
I Define the following concepts: line, line segment, ray, angle.
I Recognise lines that are coincident, parallel, perpendicular.
I Classify angles according to measure or relationship with other angles.
I Recognise the relationship between parallel lines cut by a transversal line and the resulting corre-
sponding, alternate and co–interior angles.
1.2: Polygons
I Create patterns by means of tessellating polygons.
I Draw the diagonals (if they exist) and altitudes of any polygon.
I Recognise polygons that are congruent, and identify corresponding sides or angles of congruent poly-
gons.
I Recognise polygons that are similar. Show that corresponding sides of similar polygons are in propor-
tion.
I Use the property of similarity of polygons to determine the scale factor required when a given object
needs to be enlarged or reduced.
I Classify triangles according to the lengths of their sides or the measure of their angles.
I Use the Theorem of Pythagoras.
I Know and apply the four sets of conditions that triangles must satisfy in order to be congruent. The
conditions are referred to as SSS, SAS, AAS (or ASA) and RHS.
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