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CSB520 (Week 9) EXAM LATEST UPDATE
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CSB520 (Week 9) EXAM LATESTUPDATE
Define bone cells - Answer (1) osteoblasts
- bone-forming cells
- related to fibroblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes/ unrelated to osteoclasts
(2) osteocytes
- related to osteoblasts/ unrelated to osteoclasts
(3) osteoclasts
- bone-reabsorbing cells
- unrelated to osteoblasts
Define bone matrix - Answer (1) matrix proteins
- osteoid (unmineralised bone matrix composed of type 1 collagen and proteoglycans)
- provides bone flexibility
(2) minerals
- calcium hydroxyapatite
- provides bone strength
What 3 cells are a part of the osteoblast family? - Answer (1) osteoblasts - form bone
matrix
(2) osteocytes - form interconnecting network throughout bone matrix
(3) lining cells - cover metabolically inactive bone surfaces
What are the 2 types of bone? - Answer (1) cortical
- compact bone (thick and dense)
- structural function
(2) trabecular (cancellous)
- spongy bone (thin and porous)
- metabolic function and some structural function
, bone remodelling** - Answer The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that
involves first, an increase in resorption and osteoclast activity, and later, reactive bone
formation by osteoblast activity.
What are the 3 functions of bone remodelling?** - Answer - continually release minerals
to maintain appropriate serum levels
- maintain structural integrity of bone
- allow changes in bone structure in response to growth and altered weight bearing
What is the process of bone remodelling? - Answer (1) activation
- osteoblasts activate osteoclasts to reabsorb old bone
(2) reabsorption
- osteoclasts reabsorb old bone
(3) reversal
- osteoblasts replace old bone being absorbed by osteoclasts
(4) formation
- osteoblasts form new bone
BONE DEVELOPMENT - Answer (1) endochondrial ossification (forms by replacing
hyaline cartilage)
- hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone at epiphyseal growth plates (cartilage persists
until adolescence)
- bones of long bones, vertebrae and pelvis
(2) intramembranous ossification (forms directly from mesenchymal connective tissue)
- woven bone (mesenchymal or undifferentiated connective tissue) matures into
compact bone
- bones of skull
Define peak bone mass - Answer - measure of amount of bone mass (and strength) at
end of bone development
- low peak bone mass increases risk of osteoporosis (which increases risk of
pathological fracture)
What 3 factors determine peak bone mass? - Answer (1) physical activity
(2) genetic factors
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