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NURS 3525 - Cardiac Unit Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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NURS 3525 - Cardiac Unit Exam Questions And 100%Correct Answers
Describe the hearts structure briefly :
Four chambers with an inner lining, muscle layer and outer lining
Inner lining of the heart
Endocardium
Muscle layer of the heart
Myocardium
Outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
What is the function of heart valves?
Prevents backward blood flow
How does blood flow through the heart (5 Steps)?
1. The right atrium receives venous blood from IVC/ SVC and coronary sinus and passes
through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
2. With each contraction, the right ventricle is responsible for the pumping of blood
through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.
3. Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium by way of the pulmonary
veins.
4. It then passes through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle.
5. During contraction of the heart, blood is thrown out through the aortic valve into the
,aorta and thus enters the systemic circulation.
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
Cardiac Output (CO)
Cardiac Output formula
CO = SV x HR
Normal CO range at rest
4-8 L/min
If HR ↑?
CO ↑
If HR ↓?
CO ↓
Signs of ↓ CO
HoTN, cool, clammy, cyanotic or modeled skin, ↓ pulse, S/SX of altered mental status,
etc.
What changes SV?
Preload, contractility, afterload
Volume of blood stretching the ventricles at the end of diastole before contraction
Preload
The "strength" of the heart contraction
Contractility
Peripheral resistance
Afterload
, For what conditions can preload be changed? ↑ vs. ↓
↓ Preload: dehydration, stiff atria
↑ Preload: excess fluid
What changes afterload?
Clear blood vessels vs. atherosclerosis plaque or obstruction
What is the formula for BP?
CO x SVR
Measure of force exerted by blood against the walls of the arterial system
Blood pressure
What is normal BP?
120/80
How does HTN affect the brain?
↑ Risk of stroke, confusion, HA, convulsions
How does HTN affect the eyes?
↑ Risk of hypertensive retinopathy
How does HTN affect the heart?
↑ Risk for MI + HF
How does HTN affect the blood
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