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CSB012 EXAM LATEST UPDATE
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CSB012 EXAM LATEST UPDATEWhat is the ALARA principle? - Answer As Low As Reasonably Achievable - want the
dose to be as low as possible while still obtaining a good image (don't over-radiate the
patient for no benefit)
List generic skills of a medical radiation science practitioner - Answer Technical
accuracy
Highly Trained
Specialized
Scientific knowledge
Radiation Safety knowledge and application
Clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice
Professional and ethical
High level interpersonal skills
Critical Thinker
Supportive Care Needs
Ethical, reflective practitioner
Committed to life-long learning
Clinical Management
Advocate for your patients
Empathy
Cultural awareness
Who discovered the X-ray and when? - Answer Wilhelm Roentgen, November 8, 1895
How did Roentgen discover x-rays? - Answer He passed a current through a Crooke's
tube that was covered in black photographic paper to block any light, accelerating
electrons from the negative cathode to the positive anode. He realised that a screen
painted with fluorescent material (barium platinocyanide) lying nearby was glowing
despite no light escaping the Crookes tube, and that the fluorescence increase the
closer it was to the tube. He then experimented with other objects to see whether the
rays would pass through them. He took the first x-ray of his wife's hand on December 22
1895, then present his paper "on a new ray" 6 days later.
, Particulate radiation - Answer Radiation involving fast moving particles with high
moving kinetic energy capable of ionizing e.g alpha and beta particles
What are the routes of cancer spread? - Answer Vascular - via bloodstream
Lymphatic e.g breat to axillary nodes
Body cavities e.g lung into pleura
Natural passages e.g renal cancer to bladder via ureter
Inoculation/ surgical contamination
What is the main aim of radiation therapy? - Answer Kill tumour cells before they can
spread systemically or reduce size of tumours to help symptoms
Achieve maximum tumour cell kill with minimal normal tissue damage
What proportion of electron kinetic energy is converted into x-ray photons? - Answer 1%
- other 99% is heat!
List the four prime exposure factors - Answer kVp (kilovoltage peak)
mA (milliamperes)
Seconds (exposure time)
SID (source to image distance)
What is the 15% rule? - Answer The 15% rule states that changing the kilovoltage peak
by 15% will have the same effect on radiographic density as doubling the mAs or
reducing the mAs by 50%.
What are the 3 types of beam filtration? - Answer inherent - glass housing of X-ray tube
and mirror
added - aluminium metal filters (inserted) ranging from 1-5mm placed in the primary
beam between tube housing and light beam device, absorbs low energy x-rays and only
allows high energy x-rays to pass through; results in improved quality of beam and
decreased quantity so decreased patient dose
Compensating - body part and thickness dependent, used to create uniform thickness
when body part has varying thickness, added to the outside of Light Beam Diaphragm
(collimator); either aluminium or plastic
Half Value Layer (HVL) - Answer the amount of absorbing material that will reduce the
intensity of the primary beam to one-half its original value
What is the bucky factor? - Answer A measurement of the penetration of primary and
scatter radiation through the grid. (The ratio of x-rays arriving at the grid and those
being transmitted through the grid) Typically 2 to 6.
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