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Biological Anthropology Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and Answers
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Biological Anthropology Exam 2 Study Guide Questions and Answers
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Biological Anthropology Exam 2 StudyGuide Questions and Answers
what is adaptation? - Answer-a beneficial adjustment to a particular environment and/or
stressor, either by an individual or evolutionarily by a population; serves to keep
organisms in a state of homeostasis
What are the types of adaptation? (2) - Answer-cultural/behavioral and biological
what are the types of biological adaptations? (2) - Answer-genetic/natural selection and
functional/acquired
what are the types of functional adaptations? - Answer-temporary (physiological) and
permanent (developmental)
what is cultural/behavioral adaptation? - Answer-acquired adaptation on a
population/individual basis
name an example of cultural/behavioral adaptations - Answer-using A/C, taking a
noontime nap
what is biological (genetic) adaptation? - Answer-inherited adaptation on a population
basis, often due to different selective pressures (natural selection, genetic drift and gene
flow)
name an example of biological (genetic) adaptations - Answer-base skin color
what is functional (ontogenetic) adaptation? - Answer-acquired, permanent adaptation
on an individual basis, occurs during development, in a particular environment, does not
affect genes and is not passed down to next generations
name an example of functional (ontogenetic) adaptations - Answer-larger chest size for
individuals who live in a high altitude environment
what is functional (physiological) adaptation? - Answer-acquired, temporary adaptations
on an individual basis, happens when exposed to a new stressor, does not effect genes
and is not passed down to next generations
name an example of functional (physiological) adaptations - Answer-increased red
blood cell production in high altitudes, sweating in response to heat, tanning in response
to UV radiation
the difference between biological and genetic? - Answer-genetic usually has an
environmental component (heritability)
, what are the explanations for the relationship between solar radiation and human skin
color? - Answer-skin damage, vitamin D deficiency, folate destruction
people who are HIV resistant have what mutation? - Answer-CCR5delta32
what is the connection between CCR5delta32 and the bubonic plague and smallpox? -
Answer-people who allegedly survived the bubonic plague typically had the gene
mutation (CCR5delta32) and were also HIV resistant
what is Tay-Sachs - Answer-a disease associated with Askenazi Jews, some died and
some survived; those who survived typically had the CCR5delta32 mutation
why is sickle cell anemia beneficial? - Answer-people with sickle-cell anemia are less
likely to succumb to malaria
what are the blood types in the ABO blood group? - Answer-AA, AB, BB, AO, BO, OO
what is Rhesus blood group? - Answer-
what is lactose intolerance? - Answer-when your body doesn't produce enough lactase
to break down the sugars found in milk
what is lactase deficiency? - Answer-when your body doesn't produce enough lactase,
the enzyme/protien used to break down lactose
what is lactose tolerance? - Answer-when your body produces lactase to break down
lactose
what is lactase persistence? - Answer-lactase is continually produced throughout your
life
what are adaptations to cold stress (hypothermia)? - Answer-generate body heat
(shivering), vasoconstriction alternating with vasodilation (reduces blood flow near
surface, then sends blood to the surface), higher BMR (basal metabolic rates)
what are adaptations to heat stress? - Answer-clothing, shelter, A/C, sweating,
vasodilation
what are the rules of genetic adaptation to temperature stress? - Answer-bergmann's
rule and allen's rule
what does bergmann's rule say? - Answer-body size for heat needs to be smaller, body
size for cold needs to be larger, relation of mass or volume to surface area
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