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NUR 195 Cardiovascular Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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NUR 195 Cardiovascular Exam Questions AndAccurate Answers
Patho & key points
-myocardium disorders (heart muscles) r\\t mechanical or electrical dysfunction
-several specific types
Cardiomyopathy s/s
-impaired cardiac output
-decreased stroke volume
-hypernatremia
-fluid retention
Cardiomyopathy complications
-heart failure
-lethal arrhythmias
-sudden cardiac death
cardiomyopathy RN
-manage underlying cause to avoid HF
-activity/energy-conservation w/ ADLs
-VS (PR & BP), auscultate lung sounds and heart sounds
-Hemodynamic & Cardiac status
-I & Os, Fluid Balances
-provide active & passive ROM to avoid DVT, stockings to prevent VTE
,-Elevate HOB to maximize chest expansion & ease breathing difficulties
cardiomyopathy Pt. EDU
-Low-fat, low-salt
-Fluid restrictions
-Avoidance of alcohol
-bed rest & restricted strenuous activity (help pt turn and re-position q 2 hrs)
cardiomyopathy Dx & Tx
Tx
-pts may need VAD & heart transplants eventually
-cardioversion for a-fib
- treat symptoms & prevention of further complications
Dx
-echocardiogram
cardiomyopathy Rx
**HF therapy**
-ACE inhibitors
-aldosterone antagonists
-diuretics
myocarditis patho
-INFLAMMATION of the HEART MUSCLE
-Common from VIRAL INFECTION (but could also be r/t bacterial, autoimmune, or a toxic
agent)
-inflammation= cardiac cell death
-can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy
,myocarditis s/s
-fever
-myalgia's
-fatigue
-dyspnea & orthopnea r/t ventricular arrhythmias
-cardiogenic shock
-DCM
-S3 gallop
-tachycardia
-palpitations
-HF
***sudden cardiac death can develop***
, myocarditis RN
-maintain hemodynamic stability
-symptomatic improvement
-Thorough assessments & VS
-oxygenation
-fluid status
-telemetry
- May require ventricular assist device (VAD) & transplant
Infective Endocarditis Patho & key points
-INFECTION of the endocardium due to streptococcal bacteria
Common w/ IV drug users & abusers, pts with implanted pacemakers, mechanical heart
valves, PICC line, central lines, & implanted ports
Infective Endocarditis s/s
-fever
-flu like symptoms
-murmurs
-petechiae
-red streaks under the nail beds (SPLINTER HEMORRHAGES)
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