NMNC 3210 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
How is fluid balance maintained in the body? - ANSWERSElectrolytes help maintain fluid levels.
Kidneys help maintain electrolyte levels - filtration of electrolytes and water occur from blood, some being returned to blood, and rest excreted with ...
How is fluid balance maintained in the body? - ANSWERSElectrolytes help maintain fluid levels.
Kidneys help maintain electrolyte levels - filtration of electrolytes and water occur from blood, some
being returned to blood, and rest excreted with urine.
What is the role of antidiuretic hormones (ADH)? - ANSWERSRegulates/balances water level in blood.
Acts to maintain BP, volume, and tissue water.
Seen in concentration of urine.
Produced by the Hypothalamus - stored in Pituitary Gland, which directs the Kidney on how much
*water is needed to be conserved.
What happens if there is a decrease in Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume? Or if the ECF becomes
hypertonic? - ANSWERSOsmoreceptors, within Hypothalamus, stimulate Pituitary to increase antidiuretic
hormones to be secreted.
"DON'T PEE HORMONE"
Alters renal collecting duct permeability - water to be reabsorbed or eliminated. Retention increases
fluid volume and BP - decreasing urine ouput.
What is the mnuemonic for Hypokalemia? - ANSWERS"Body is trying to DITCH potassium"
Drugs (laxatives/diuretics)
Inadequate intake of K+ (anorexia/nausea)
Too much water intake (diulting K+)
Cushings syndrome (high secretion of Aldosterone)
,Heavy fluid loss (NG suction, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, wound drainage)
Other causes of Hypokalemia? - ANSWERSAlkalosis and Hyperinsulinism
What does the pulse feel like with Hypokalemia? - ANSWERSWeak. Irregular and thready
What are the 7 L's of Hypokalemia? - ANSWERSLethargic
Low shallow respiratory
Lethal cardiac changes
Loss of urine
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low BP and HR
What drugs are potassium sparing? - ANSWERSSpironolactone, aldactone, maxide, and triamterene
How is electrolyte balance maintained in the body? - ANSWERSBy the Kidneys - filters electrolytes and
water from blood. Some returned to blood and some excreted through urine.
Role of sodium? - ANSWERSRegulates fluid balance
Role of calcium? - ANSWERSBlood coagulation
Role of potassium? - ANSWERSCardiac rhythm and muscle contraction
Role of magnesium? - ANSWERSImmune function
Role of phosphorus? - ANSWERSAcid-Base balance
, Normal levels of potassium? - ANSWERS3.5-5.0 mEq/L
"Cardiac Rhythm"
Where can potassium be found and what is its function? - ANSWERSIntracellular and generates electrical
impulses in the body to allow muscles and the brain to function.
Hyperkalemia - ANSWERSToo much potassium. Causes abnormal electrical conduction of the heart
(dysrhythmia), Kidney failure.
*Heart and GI are tight and contracted - causing confusion, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel syndrome,
muscle weakness, and sometimes paralysis of extremities
Hypokalemia - ANSWERSTo little potassium. Caused from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and drugs -
diuretic or laxatives.
*Heart is low and slow - weak pulse, constipation, and polyuria (large volumes of dilute urine).
Normal sodium levels? - ANSWERS135-145 mEq/L
"Fluid Balance"
Where is sodium found and what is its function? - ANSWERSExtracellular/plasma of the bloodstream.
Regulates water and helps with electrical signals within body - allows muscles to fire and brain to work.
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Bensuda. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
