PNB 2265 EXAM 2| recommended set qu
ks ks ks ks ks ks
estions and answers verified A+
ks ks ks ks
Non-Specificks(innate)ksImmuneksSystemksAnalogyks-kscorrectksanswers-
Bankkswallkstokskeepksrobbersksout
Specificks(adaptive)ksImmuneksSystemksAnalogyks-kscorrectksanswers-
Surveillancekscamerakstoksidentifyksspecificksbankksrobber
RoleksofksImmuneksResponsesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Defend/protectksagainstksinfectionksbyksmicrobes,ksimmunekssurveillance,kseliminationksofksdamagedks
cells
NegativeksAspectksofksImmuneks-kscorrectksanswers-
Allergies/hypersensitivity,ksautoimmuneksdiseases,ksandksorgankstransplantksreactions
Microbesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Viruses,ksbacteria,ksfungi,ksotherksparasitesks(specificksimmuneksprotectsksagainstksthis)
Non-SpecificksDefensesks-kscorrectksanswers-
(Protectksagainstksforeignksmatterkswithoutkshavingkstoksspecificallyksrecognizeksitsksidentity)ksPhysicalks
barriers,ksphagocytes,ksimmunologicalkssurveillance,ksinterferons,kscomplementkssystem,ksinflammat
oryksresponse,ksfever
PhysicalksBarriersks-kscorrectksanswers-
Preventksapproachksandksdenyksaccesskstokspathogensks(epithelium,kssecretions,ksductksofkssweatksgland
,kshair,ksskinksandksmucousksmembranes,ksvarietyksofksprotectivekschemicals,ksciliatedksmucosa,ksacidityks
ofkstheksskin,ksgastricksHCl,ksenzymes,kslysozymeksofkssaliva
Phagocytesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Removeksdebrisksandkspathogensks(fixedksmacrophage,ksneutrophil,ksfreeksmacrophage,kseosinophil,ks
monocyte)
ImmunologicalksSurveillanceks-kscorrectksanswers-
Destroysksabnormalkscells,ksforksexampleksNKkscellsksattachkstoksabnormalkscellsksandkslyseksthem
Interferonsks-kscorrectksanswers-
Increaseksresistanceksofkscellskstoksviralksinfectionks(slow/INTERFEREkswithkstheksspreadksofksaksdisease),ks
-interferonsksareksreleasedksbyksactivatedkslymphocytes,ksmacrophages,ksorksvirus-infectedkscells
,ComplementksSystemks-kscorrectksanswers-
(Seriesksofksenzymes(ksAttacksksandksbreaksksdownkscellkswalls,ksattractsksphagocytesks
-Forksex,ksaksbunchksofkscomplementksattacheskstoksthekscellkswallksofksakspathogenksandksthenkslysesksit
InflammatoryksResponseks-kscorrectksanswers-Multiplekseffects
-Bloodksflowksincreased
-Phagocytesksactivated
-Increasedkscapillarykspermeability
-Complementksactivated
-Clottingksreactionkswallsksofkstheksregion
-Regionalkstemperatureksincreased
-Specificksdefensesksactivated
ChemicalksAlarmsksReleasedksintoksECFksthatksMedicateksInflammationks-kscorrectksanswers-
Histamines,ksKinins,ksProstaglandins,ksComplement,ksOtherksCytokines
Histaminesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Releasedksbyksmastkscells,kspromoteksvasodilationksandksincreasedkscapillarykspermeability
Kininsks-kscorrectksanswers-
(Ex.ksBradykinin)ksCleavedksfromkskininoginksprotein,kssimilarkseffectskstokshistamineksbutksalsoksinducesk
sCHEMOTAXISksOFksLEUKSksandksstimulateksneutrophilskstoksRELEASEksENZYMEksthatksthenksgenerateksm
orekskinins,ksINDUCEksPAIN
Prostaglandinsks-kscorrectksanswers-
MakeksBVksmorekssensitizedkstokseffectsksofkstheksotherksinflammatoryksmediatorsksandksINDUCEksPAIN
Complementks-kscorrectksanswers-
Proteinksthatkslysesksmicroorganisms,ksenhancesksphagocytosisksbyksopsonization,ksintensifiesksinflam
matoryksresponse
OtherksCytokinesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Mediators/signalsksforksinflammation,ksplayksrolesksinksspecificksdefenseksmechanisms
Opsoninsks-kscorrectksanswers-Proteinsksthatksattractksphagocytosis
Feverks-kscorrectksanswers-
Mobilizesksdefenses,ksacceleratesksrepairs,ksinhibitskspathogensks(bodykstempksrisesksaboveks37.2ksinksre
sponsekstokspathogens),ksincreasesksmetabolicksrateksofkscells
, LymphaticksSystemksConsistsksofks-kscorrectksanswers-
Lymph,kslymphaticksvessels,kslymphoidkstissues,kslymphoidksorgans
Lymphks-kscorrectksanswers-
Akscolorlessksfluidkscontainingkswhiteksbloodkscells,ksthatksbathesksthekstissuesksandksdrainsksthroughksthe
kslymphatickssystemksintokstheksbloodstream
LymphaticksVesselsks-kscorrectksanswers-Carrykslymph,kscapillariesksareksblind-
endedkslocatedksatksvascularkscapillaryksbeds,kscanksbeksafferentksandksefferent
PrimaryksLymphoidksOrgansks-kscorrectksanswers-Thymusksandksboneksmarrowks("lymphoidkstissue")
Thymusks-kscorrectksanswers-PrimarykslymphoidksorgankswhereksTkslymphocytesksmature
BoneksMarrowks-kscorrectksanswers-
Primarykslymphoidksorganksthatksproducesksallkslymphocytes,kswherekstheksBkscellsksamture
FunctionsksofkstheksLymphaticksSystemks-kscorrectksanswers-
Bodyksfluidkshomeostasisksandksimmunekssystem
LymphksNodesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Capsuleksofksfibrouskstissue,kspartitionsks(differentiatedksfromksnodules),kswhereks99%ksofksantigensksare
ksremovedksandksprocessedks(FILTERS),kscontainksmacrophages
DendriticksCellsks-kscorrectksanswers-
Foundksinkscertainkstissues,ksifksactivatedksmigratekstokslymphksnodeskstokspresentksantigen
LymphaticksNodulesks-kscorrectksanswers-
LymphocytesksdenselykspackedksinkslooseksCT,ksfoundksinksCTksunderkstheksepitheliumksofksrespiratory,ksdi
gestive,ksandksurinatrykstractsksNOksFIBROUSksCAPSULE
ExamplesksofksLymphaticksNodulesks-kscorrectksanswers-Tonsils,ksPeyer'skspatches
Nodesksvs.ksNodulesks-kscorrectksanswers-
Noduleksisksnotksaksfilterksandkslocatedksinksspecificksplacesksandksnotksalwaysksattachedkstokslymphaticksch
annels
Noduleksisksakstinykschunkksofksimmunekscellsksandksdoesksnotkshaveksvesselskslikeksnodesksdoksnotksaksfilter
Spleenks-kscorrectksanswers-
Lymphoidkstissue,ksFILTERks(removesksRBC)ksstoresksFeksandksmayksinitiateksimmuneksresponse
GALT/MALTks-kscorrectksanswers-
Gut/mucosaksassociatedkslymphatickstissueks(peyer'skspatchesksinksSIksandksnodulesksinksappendix)
Leukocytesks-kscorrectksanswers-WBCs,ksNLMEB
